降水变化条件下荒漠草原优势植物根际微生物群落结构和多样性特征研究
邓文辉 , 宋珂辰 , 张浩 , 管思雨 , 雍嘉仪 , 胡海英
草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (05) : 12 -26.
降水变化条件下荒漠草原优势植物根际微生物群落结构和多样性特征研究
Structure and diversity characteristics of the rhizosphere microbial community of dominant plants on the desert steppe under changing precipitation
通过探究荒漠草原优势种植物根际土壤微生物对降水变化的响应,以期为荒漠草原植物根系与微生物互作机制提供理论依据。以宁夏荒漠草原优势种植物短花针茅、牛枝子、银灰旋花为研究对象,设置了增雨50%、增雨30%、对照组、减雨30%、减雨50%共5个处理,采用高通量测序的方法,研究了不同降水量下,荒漠草原优势种植物根际微生物群落结构与多样性差异。结果表明:荒漠草原优势种植物的地上生物量随着降水的增加而增加,与土壤含水量呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。3种优势植物根际土壤中,细菌群落的优势菌门主要包括放线菌门、变形菌门、酸杆菌门以及拟杆菌门;真菌群落的优势菌门有子囊菌门和担子菌门。在所有降水变化处理中,根际细菌群落对水分的敏感性均高于真菌群落。其中,在减雨30%处理下,优势物种的真菌与细菌OTUs数量均达到最大值,其根际土壤微生物活动最为强烈。银灰旋花根际细菌群落中的蓝藻门、拟杆菌门相对丰度高于牛枝子和短花针茅,浮霉菌门、酸杆菌门的相对丰度低于牛枝子和短花针茅。牛枝子和短花针茅根际微生物群落的组成具有较高相似性,而银灰旋花与牛枝子和短花针茅根际微生物群落相似度较低。在土壤理化性质中,全磷与短花针茅根际土壤细菌群落多样性显著负相关(P<0.05);全钾与银灰旋花根际细菌群落的多样性呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与短花针茅真菌群落的多样性呈显著负相关(P<0.05);土壤pH值与牛枝子根际土壤细菌群落的多样性显著正相关(P<0.05),与银灰旋花根际土壤真菌群落多样性显著负相关(P<0.05)。短花针茅和牛枝子根际土壤微生物群落物种之间具有显著相关关系,存在一定的互补共生效应。
The aim of this study was to explore the responses of rhizosphere soil microorganisms of dominant plant species on the Ningxia desert steppe to changes in precipitation. The overall aim was to broaden our understanding of the interactions between microorganisms and the roots of important plants on the desert steppe. Three plant species were selected for analysis of their rhizobial communities: Stipa breviflora, Lespedeza potaninii, and Convolvulus ammannii. Five rainfall treatments were established: 50% increase in rainfall, 30% increase in rainfall, control group, 30% decrease in rainfall, and 50% decrease in rainfall. High-throughput sequencing data were analyzed to determine differences in the structure and diversity of the rhizosphere microbial communities of the three dominant species on the desert steppe under different precipitation treatments. The results showed that the aboveground biomass of dominant plant species on the desert steppe increased with increasing precipitation, and was significantly positively correlated with the soil water content (P<0.05). In the rhizosphere soil of the three dominant plants, the dominant bacterial phyla were Actinomycetes, Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. The dominant phyla in the fungal community were Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes. In all the treatments, the rhizosphere bacterial communities were more sensitive than the fungal communities to the water level. The maximum numbers of fungal and bacterial operational taxonomic units, and the highest microbial activity in rhizosphere soil, were in the 30% decreased rainfall treatment. The relative abundance of Cyanobacteria and Bacteroidetes in the rhizosphere bacterial community was higher in C. ammannii than in L. potaninii and S. breviflora, while the relative abundance of Planctomycetota and Acidobacteriota in the rhizosphere bacterial community was lower in C. ammannii than in than in L. potaninii and S. breviflora. The rhizosphere microbial communities were similar in L. potaninii and S. breviflora, but that of C. ammannii was different. The diversity of the bacterial community in the rhizosphere of S. breviflora was significantly negatively correlated with total phosphorus (P<0.05). The diversity of the bacterial community in the rhizosphere of C. ammannii was significantly positively correlated with total potassium (P<0.05), However,the diversity of the total microbial community in the rhizosphere of S. breviflora was significantly negatively correlated with total potassium (P<0.05). Soil pH was significantly positively correlated with the diversity of the rhizosphere soil bacterial community (P<0.05), and negatively correlated with the diversity of the rhizosphere soil fungal microbial community (P<0.05). There was a significant correlation between the rhizosphere soil microbial communities of L. potaninii and S. breviflora, and there was a certain complementary symbiotic effect.
荒漠草原 / 优势植物 / 降水变化 / 高通量测序 / 根际微生物群落
desert steppe / dominant plants / precipitation variability / high-throughput sequencing / rhizosphere microbial community
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国家自然科学基金项目(32160406)
宁夏高等学校一流学科建设(草学学科)项目(NXYLXK2017A01)
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