成坪高尔夫草坪上一年生早熟禾的化学防除研究进展
Research progress on the chemical control of annual bluegrass in established golf turf
一年生早熟禾属禾本科草本植物,已成为成坪高尔夫草坪上一种重要杂草,严重影响草坪的使用价值。目前化学除草剂和植物生长调节剂是控制一年生早熟禾的主要措施。本研究详细总结了高尔夫草坪上一年生早熟禾的发生特点、危害及最佳防治时间,对可安全用于不同草坪草上防除一年生早熟禾的化学除草剂和植物生长调节剂有效成分信息和田间应用案例进行全面梳理,指出存在的问题并提出相应对策。结果表明,芽前组合氨氟乐灵、氟草胺+氟乐灵、氟硫草定、氟硫草定+异噁酰草胺、氟草胺、二甲戊灵、氨氟乐灵+异噁酰草胺、氨氟乐灵+二氯喹啉酸、氨氟乐灵+甲磺草胺、methiozolin、地散磷+噁草酮可安全用于匍匐剪股颖、高羊茅、肯塔基早熟禾、多年生黑麦草、狗牙根和结缕草;氨氟乐灵、二甲戊灵、氨氟乐灵+异噁酰草胺、氨氟乐灵+甲磺草胺、茚嗪氟草胺、二甲酚草胺+二甲戊灵可安全应用于海滨雀稗、假俭草、野牛草和百喜草。芽后除草剂methiozolin、氨唑草酮、磺酰磺隆可安全用于匍匐剪股颖、高羊茅、肯塔基早熟禾、多年生黑麦草、细羊茅、狗牙根、结缕草和海滨雀稗;氨唑草酮和磺酰磺隆可安全用于假俭草、野牛草、圣奥古斯丁草和百喜草。同时指出目前国内一年生早熟禾的防除存在重苗后轻芽前、防治时间错误等问题,提出一年生早熟禾的防除应以芽前封闭为主,芽后早期使用植物生长调节剂和低剂量除草剂混用的施药方式,能够最大程度减少化学除草剂对草坪草的伤害。
Annual bluegrass (Poa annua) is a herbaceous plant belonging to the Poaceae. It has become a prominent weed in established golf turf, which seriously affects the use value of turf. At present, chemical herbicides and plant growth regulators are the main methods to control annual bluegrass. In this paper, we summarize the occurrence characteristics, hazards and the optimal chemical control time of annual bluegrass. In addition, we review information about field application cases and the active ingredients of chemical herbicides and plant growth regulators that can be safely control annual bluegrass in different turfgrasses. We highlight the existing problems and propose strategies to address them. Among the preemergence herbicides, prodiamine, benefin+trifluralin, dithiopyr, dithiopyr+isoxaben, benefin, pendimethalin, prodiamine+isoxaben, prodiamine+quinclorac, prodiamine+sulfentrazone, methiozolin, and bensulide+oxadiazon can be safely applied to creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon), and zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica). Prodiamine, pendimethalin, prodiamine+isoxaben, prodiamine+sulfentrazone, indaziflam, and dimethenamid+pendimethalin can be safely applied to seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum), centipedegrass (Eremochloa ophiuroides), buffalograss (Buchloe dactyloides) and bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum). Among the postemergence herbicides, methiozolin, amicarbazone and sulfosulfuron can be safely applied to creeping bentgrass, tall fescue, kentucky bluegrass, perennial ryegrass, fine fescue (Festuca rubra), bermudagrass, zoysiagrass, and seashore paspalum. Amicarbazone and sulfosulfuron can be safely applied to centipedegrass, buffalograss, st. augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum) and bahiagrass. Two current problems in China are the reliance on postemergence control and the incorrect timing of application of chemicals to control annual bluegrass. We propose that preemergence herbicides should be used to control annual bluegrass. Furthermore, we recommend applying a combination of plant growth regulators and low-dose herbicides during the early postemergence stages to decrease damage to turfgrass.
高尔夫草坪 / 杂草 / 一年生早熟禾 / 除草剂 / 植物生长调节剂 / 化学防除
golf turf / weed / annual bluegrass / herbicide / plant growth regulator / chemical control
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