沙化盐渍土地不同生长时期油莎豆的耐盐性差异研究
张晴晴 , 马兴羽 , 鲁艳 , 赵广兴 , 曾凡江 , 黄彩变
草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (06) : 168 -180.
沙化盐渍土地不同生长时期油莎豆的耐盐性差异研究
A study of salt tolerance differences in Cyperus esculentus at different growth stages in a sandy saline soil
为探究不同NaCl浓度对油莎豆生长和生理的影响及其不同时期耐盐性的差异,采用盆栽试验,设置0 g·kg-1(对照)、0.5 g·kg-1(轻度)、1.0 g·kg-1(中度)、2.0 g·kg-1 (重度)和3.5 g·kg-1 (盐土)5个不同NaCl胁迫梯度,在幼苗期和不同块茎期分析了油莎豆的生物量累积、渗透调节物质和抗氧化酶活性等差异,并对其在不同时期的耐盐性进行评价。结果表明:在幼苗期,轻度盐胁迫严重抑制油莎豆地上和地下生长,盐胁迫加剧后其生物量变化不显著。从块茎初期至块茎后期,地上和地下生物量均随盐胁迫程度增强而显著下降,在重度和盐土处理下从块茎中期开始已停止生长;各盐分处理的Na+和Cl-含量均随盐胁迫程度加剧呈显著增加趋势,K+/Na+则呈下降趋势。油莎豆在幼苗期和块茎初期主要通过可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、甜菜碱的积累,过氧化氢酶(CAT)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的提高来适应盐胁迫。在块茎中期主要依靠SOD活性的明显提升来减轻盐胁迫。在块茎后期,主要通过可溶性蛋白和甜菜碱的大量积累及SOD活性的提高来适应盐胁迫,各生育期耐盐性由高到低为幼苗期>块茎后期>块茎中期>块茎初期。综合表现来看,推荐生长的土壤NaCl≤1.0 g·kg-1。本研究结果可对新疆沙质盐渍化土地油莎豆规模化种植提供科学理论支撑。
This research investigated the effects of different NaCl concentrations on the growth and physiology of Cyperus esculentus at different growth stages, and comprised a pot experiment with a gradient of five different NaCl stress levels: 0 g·kg-1 (control), 0.5 g·kg-1 (mild), 1.0 g·kg-1 (moderate), 2.0 g·kg-1 (severe), and 3.5 g·kg-1 (saline soil) of added NaCl. The biomass accumulation, levels of osmotic adjustment substances and antioxidant enzyme activities of C. esculentus were then analyzed at the seedling stage and different tuber development stages, and salt tolerance in the different stages evaluated. It was found that mild salt stress seriously inhibited the aboveground and underground growth of C. esculentus at the seedling stage, and the biomass did not change significantly after salt stress. From the early stage to the late stage of tuber maturity, the aboveground and underground biomass was significantly lower with increase in salt stress, and growth ceased during the middle stage of tuber development in the severe and saline treatments. The contents of Na+ and Cl- increased significantly with increase in salt stress, while the K+∶Na+ ratio decreased. C. esculentus adapted to salt stress mainly through the accumulation of soluble protein, soluble sugar and betaine, and the increase of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity during the seedling stage and early tuber development. In the middle of the tuber development stage, a significant increase in SOD activity was the primary mechanism for alleviation of salt stress. In the late tuber stage, the acclimation to salt stress was through the accumulation of soluble protein and betaine and increased SOD activity. The salt tolerance of C. esculentus at the different growth stages ranked seedling stage>late tuber stage>middle tuber stage>early tuber stage. From a perspective of a multivariate analysis of plant traits, soil NaCl concentration≤1.0 g·kg-1 is recommended. The results of this study provide scientific data to aid development of practical guidelines for the large-scale planting of C. esculentus in sandy salinized land in Xinjiang Province.
油莎豆 / 盐胁迫 / NaCl / 生长发育 / 抗氧化酶 / 渗透调节
Cyperus esculentus / salt stress / NaCl / growth and development / antioxidant enzymes / osmotic regulation
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新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划(2022B02040-1)
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