不同丸化种衣剂配方对酿酒高粱出苗及生长的影响
宁小静 , 任秋洁 , 王丽娟 , 贾小琳 , 石孝均 , 王洁
草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (06) : 70 -84.
不同丸化种衣剂配方对酿酒高粱出苗及生长的影响
Effects of different pelleted seed coating formulations on seed germination and seedling growth of three brewing sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) cultivars
为筛选西南地区典型酿酒高粱品种最适丸化种衣剂配方,降低直播高粱病虫危害和干旱胁迫,实现精量化播种与高质成苗,以金糯粱9号、泸糯8号、红缨子为试验材料,采用不同助剂(阿拉伯胶和硅藻土、丸粒化粉和硅藻土)、生物活性物质(杀菌剂戊唑醇、杀虫剂溴氰虫酰胺、植物生长调节剂芸苔素内酯)和功能材料(海藻酸、保水剂高吸水性树脂)对种子进行丸粒化处理,通过室内发芽试验和穴盘播种试验,探究不同配方对酿酒高粱种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,使用硅藻土为填充剂,15%的阿拉伯胶溶液为粘结剂在丸化粒径为5 mm时对3个品种高粱种子的发芽情况影响较小,丸化种子崩解时间短,有较高的单籽率和有籽率,质量最佳;种衣剂中生物活性物质选择杀菌剂∶杀虫剂∶植物生长调节剂=1∶1∶1的配方,能显著提高高粱的发芽率、幼苗株高和根长,金糯粱9号、泸糯8号、红缨子的发芽率分别提高了4.6%、3.1%、6.3%,株高分别提高了11.0%、19.0%、38.1%,根长分别提高了18.9%、50.7%、100.5%;种衣剂中功能材料选择添加适宜浓度的海藻酸,能有效促进高粱生长,其中,金糯粱9号使用浓度为0.1%的海藻酸效果较好,发芽率提高了9.6%,株高和根长分别提高了32.5%、130.9%;泸糯8号和红缨子使用浓度为0.3%的海藻酸效果较好,发芽率分别提高了11.8%、19.7%,株高分别提高了37.6%、63.9%,根长分别提高了113.2%、156.3%。综上所述,丸化高粱种子最佳粒径为5 mm,种衣剂配方为:硅藻土37.5%、阿拉伯胶9.42%、海藻酸13.27%、杀菌剂13.27%、杀虫剂13.27%、植物生长调节剂13.27%,金糯粱9号最适海藻酸浓度为0.1%,泸糯8号和红缨子最适海藻酸浓度均为0.3%。研究结果可为实现西南地区酿酒高粱丸粒化播种提供理论依据和技术支持。
Pelletized seed coatings reduce the incidence of pests and diseases, protect seeds against drought stress during direct seeding, and improve the precision of sowing, ensuring healthy seedlings. The aim of this study was to identify the most suitable formulation of pelletized seed coating for three typical varieties of brewing sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) cultivars: Jinnuoliang No. 9, Lunuo No. 8, and Hongyingzi. Different additives including fillers and pelleting aids (gum arabic and diatomite), bioactive substances (the fungicide tebuconazole, the insecticide cyantraniliprole, and the plant growth regulator brassinolide) and functional materials (alginic acid, a super absorbent polymer water retention agent) were combined to create seed coatings. Then, the effects of seed coatings with different formulations on the seed germination and seedling growth of the three sorghum cultivars were investigated in an indoor germination test and a hole tray sowing test. The results showed that a combination of diatomite as the filler and a 15% solution of gum arabic as the bonding agent had a minimal impact on seed germination across the three sorghum varieties when pellets were 5 mm in size. The seed coating agent disintegrated rapidly and there was a high proportion of single-seeded pellets, which contributed to its superior result. The seed coating containing fungicide∶insecticide∶plant growth regulator at a 1∶1∶1 ratio as the bioactive ingredients significantly improved the seed germination rate and the seedling plant height and root length. Specifically, the application of this seed coating ingredient to seeds of Jinnuoliang No. 9, Lunuo No. 8, and Hongyingzi increased the germination rate by 4.6%, 3.1%, and 6.3%, respectively, increased the seedling height by 11.0%, 19.0%, and 38.1%, respectively, and significantly increased the root length by 18.9%, 50.7%, and 100.5%, respectively. Including an appropriate concentration of alginic acid in the seed coating also effectively promoted sorghum seedling growth. Specifically, alginic acid at a concentration 0.1% in the seed coating significantly improved Jinnuoliang No. 9’s seed germination rate by 9.6%, plant height by 32.5%, and root length by 130.9%. Alginic acid at a concentration of 0.3% in the seed coating agent achieved the best results for Lunuo No. 8 and Hongyingzi, significantly increasing their germination rate by 11.8% and 19.7%, plant height by 37.6% and 63.9%, and root length by 113.2% and 156.3%, respectively. The optimal pellet size for sorghum seeds was 5 mm, and the best seed coating formulation was 37.5% diatomite, 9.42% gum arabic, 13.27% alginic acid, 13.27% fungicide, 13.27% insecticide, and 13.27% plant growth regulator. The most effective alginic acid concentration was 0.1% for Jinnuoliang No. 9, and 0.3% for Lunuo No. 8 and Hongyingzi. The results of this research provide scientific data to underpin the development of practical guidelines and technical support for pellet-seeding of brewing sorghum in Southwest China.
pelletized seed coating agent / brewing sorghum / seed germination / seedling growth
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