乳酸菌和抗真菌添加剂对湿啤酒糟全混合日粮青贮发酵品质、体外消化率及有氧稳定性的影响
王思然 , 丁成龙 , 田吉鹏 , 程云辉 , 许能祥 , 张文洁 , 王欣 , 刘蓓一
草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (06) : 213 -226.
乳酸菌和抗真菌添加剂对湿啤酒糟全混合日粮青贮发酵品质、体外消化率及有氧稳定性的影响
Effects of biological and antifungal additives on ensiling characteristics, in vitro digestibility, gas production, and aerobic stability of fermented total mixed ration including wet brewers’ grains
湿啤酒糟是一种产量庞大且富含粗蛋白、维生素和矿物质等营养物质的工业副产物,但其含水量高不易保存,严重限制其应用于反刍动物养殖。为此,本试验旨在评价乳酸菌及抗真菌添加剂对湿啤酒糟全混合日粮(TMR)青贮发酵品质、体外消化率及有氧稳定性的影响。试验设对照组(control)、干酪乳杆菌组[LC,1×106 cfu·g-1 鲜重(FW)]、布氏乳杆菌组(LB,1×106 cfu·g-1 FW)、山梨酸钾组(POS,1 g·kg-1 FW)、双乙酸钠组(SOD,5 g·kg-1 FW)和丙酸钙组(CAP,5 g·kg-1 FW)6个处理。青贮100 d后全部开窖(20 L),取样分析发酵品质、化学成分及微生物数量,同时将剩余TMR有氧暴露,分别在第6、9和14天取样分析,评价其有氧稳定性。结果表明,青贮100 d后,各组TMR发酵品质良好,具有较低的pH值(4.32~4.47)、丁酸[0.837~1.750 g·kg-1 干重(DM)]及氨态氮(76.7~91.8 g·kg-1 全氮)含量。对照、LB、POS和SOD组有氧稳定性均较好,其中POS组在有氧暴露第14天时具有更低的好氧菌(5.50 vs. 6.56~7.66 log10 cfu·g-1 FW)和霉菌数量(4.93 vs. 4.96~5.91 log10 cfu·g-1 FW)。相较于对照组,POS组和CAP组均提高了体外干物质消化率(62.5%、65.4% vs. 55.3%)和体外中性洗涤纤维消化率(56.3%、59.1% vs. 48.2%)。综合考虑,在生产湿啤酒糟(100 g·kg-1 FW)发酵TMR饲料时可添加1 g·kg-1 FW的山梨酸钾,既能改善有氧稳定性,还能提高体外消化率。
Wet brewers’ grain (WBG) is an industrial by-product that is produced in large quantities, and is rich in nutrients, including crude proteins, vitamins, and minerals. However, the high water content makes it challenging to preserve WBG, and this severely limits its use in ruminant farming. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of biological and antifungal additives on the fermentation quality, in vitro digestibility, and aerobic stability of fermented total mixed ration (TMR) containing WBG at a concentration of 100 g·kg-1 fresh weight (FW). The TMR was ensiled in 20-L silos with six treatments: 1) no additives (Control); 2) Lacticaseibacillus casei (LC; applied at 1×106 cfu·g-1 FW); 3) Lentilactobacillus buchneri (LB; 1×106 cfu·g-1 FW); 4) potassium sorbate (POS; 1 g·kg-1 FW); 5) sodium diacetate (SOD; 5 g·kg-1 FW); and 6) calcium propionate (CAP; 5 g·kg-1 FW). All silos were opened after 100 days of ensiling to evaluate the fermentation quality and in vitro digestibility of the silages, followed by a 14-day aerobic stability test. All the TMR silages were well-preserved with low pH (4.32-4.47) and acceptable levels of butyric acid (0.837-1.750 g·kg-1 dry matter) and ammonia nitrogen (76.7-91.8 g·kg-1 total nitrogen). The control, LB, POS, and SOD silages remained stable during the 14-day aerobic stability test, and the POS silage was the most stable. Compared with the other silages, the POS silage had smaller populations of aerobic bacteria (5.50 vs. 6.56-7.66 log10 cfu·g-1 FW) and mold (4.93 vs. 4.96-5.91 log10 cfu·g-1 FW) on day 14 of the aerobic stability test. The POS and CAP silages showed increased in vitro digestibility of dry matter (62.5%-65.4% vs. 55.3% in the control) and neutral detergent fiber (56.3%-59.1% vs. 48.2% in the control). Overall, POS (applied at 1 g·kg-1 FW) is recommended as an additive to improve the fermentation quality, aerobic stability, and in vitro digestibility of fermented TMR containing 100 g·kg-1 FW WBG.
乳酸菌 / 抗真菌添加剂 / 全混合日粮 / 发酵品质 / 有氧稳定性
lactic acid bacteria / antifungal additives / total mixed ration / fermentation quality / aerobic stability
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