轮耕模式对旱地玉-麦两熟体系作物产量和品质的影响
姜沛沛 , 郭锦花 , 肖慧淑 , 彭彦珉 , 张军 , 田文仲 , 吕军杰 , 吴金芝 , 王贺正 , 付国占 , 黄明 , 李友军
草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (06) : 181 -192.
轮耕模式对旱地玉-麦两熟体系作物产量和品质的影响
Effect of rotational tillage patterns on the crop yield and quality in a maize-wheat (Zea mays-Triticum aestivum) double cropping system in dryland agriculture
为探明不同轮耕模式对旱地夏玉米-冬小麦(简称玉-麦)两熟体系作物产量和品质的影响,利用始于2004年设置在中国农业科学院洛阳旱农试验基地的玉米季免耕+麦季免耕(MNWN)、玉米季深松+麦季免耕(MSWN)、玉米季免耕+麦季3年免耕1年翻耕(MNW3N1P)、玉米季深松+麦季3年免耕1年翻耕(MSW3N1P)和传统的两季均翻耕(CK)5个处理的定位试验,分析了2015-2021年度作物产量以及2020-2021年度作物籽粒氮、磷、钾含量,蛋白质产量和冬小麦籽粒蛋白质组分含量。结果表明:MNWN、MSWN、MNW3N1P和MSW3N1P下夏玉米和冬小麦籽粒产量的差异均不显著,但与CK相比均表现出不同程度的提升,且效应因降水年型而异,其与CK相比在干旱年使小麦和周年产量分别显著提高56.2%~65.2%和28.2%~32.6%,在平水年使夏玉米产量和周年产量分别显著提高47.5%~57.7%和25.7%~29.8%,在丰水年仅使冬小麦产量显著提高18.9%~31.2%。MSW3N1P提高夏玉米、冬小麦籽粒氮磷钾含量和蛋白质产量以及小麦籽粒蛋白组分含量的效果最优,与CK相比使夏玉米籽粒氮钾含量和蛋白质产量分别显著提高4.5%、15.6%和25.8%,冬小麦籽粒氮磷含量、蛋白质产量、谷蛋白含量、谷醇比和贮藏蛋白含量分别显著提高7.7%、15.2%、109.8%、16.1%、9.6%和11.9%,周年蛋白质产量显著提高38.5%。虽然MNW3N1P较CK也能使冬小麦籽粒谷蛋白含量、谷醇比和贮藏蛋白含量分别显著提高15.9%、14.4%和9.2%,但MSW3N1P较MNW3N1P可使冬小麦籽粒醇溶蛋白和贮藏蛋白含量分别显著提高5.4%和2.5%。综合来看,玉米季深松+麦季3年免耕1年翻耕是旱地玉-麦两熟体系高产优质栽培的适宜轮耕模式。
The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of different rotational tillage patterns (i.e. rotation of tillage and no-tillage cropping in different years) on crop yield and quality in a dryland summer maize (Zea mays)-winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) double cropping system (hereafter referred to as the maize-wheat double cropping system). A field experiment was conducted with five treatments: no tillage in both the maize and wheat seasons (MNWN), subsoiling in the maize season and no tillage in the wheat season (MSWN), no tillage in the maize season plus 3 consecutive years of no-tillage and 1 year of ploughing in the wheat season (MNW3N1P), subsoiling in maize season plus 3 consecutive years of no-tillage and 1 year of ploughing in the wheat season (MSW3N1P), and conventional consecutive ploughing in the maize and wheat seasons (CK). These treatments were established in 2004 at the Luoyang Arid Farming Experimental Station of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The crop yields in 2015-2021, the grain nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents, the protein yield of maize and wheat, and the contents of grain protein components of wheat in 2020-2021 were determined. The results showed that the differences in the grain yields of summer maize and winter wheat were not significant between MNWN and the rotational tillage treatments (MSWN, MNW3N1P, and MSW3N1P). However, the grain yields of summer maize and winter wheat were higher in all of these patterns than in CK, and the extent of the improvement varied depending on the annual precipitation. The use of rotational tillage resulted in a considerable yield enhancement compared with CK, with increases of 56.2%-65.2% for wheat (increases of 28.2%-32.6% for annual yield in the dry year) and 47.5%-57.7% for maize (increases of 25.7%-29.8% for annual yield in a normal year), and 18.9%-31.2% for wheat yield in a rainy year. Among the three rotational tillage patterns, MSW3N1P showed the best effect in terms of enhancing the grain nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents and the protein yield for maize and wheat, and to improve the contents of grain protein components in wheat. Compared with CK, MSW3N1P resulted in significantly increased nitrogen and potassium contents and protein yield in maize grains (by 4.5%, 15.6%, and 25.8%, respectively), and increased nitrogen and phosphorus contents, protein yield, gluten content, glutenin∶gliadin ratio, and storage protein content in winter wheat grains (by 7.7%, 15.2%, 109.8%, 16.1%, 9.6%, and 11.9%, respectively), ultimately leading to a 38.5% increase in annual protein yield. While the MNW3N1P treatment also significantly increased wheat grain gluten content, the glutenin∶gliadin ratio, and storage protein content (by 15.9%, 14.4%, and 9.2%, respectively, compared with CK), the MSW3N1P treatment further significantly increased the gliadin and storage protein contents in wheat grain by 5.4% and 2.5%, respectively, compared with MNW3N1P. Therefore, MSW3N1P is recommended as the optimal rotational tillage pattern for high-yield and high-quality crops in dryland maize-wheat double cropping systems.
轮耕 / 旱地 / 玉-麦两熟体系 / 产量 / 蛋白质及其组分含量
rotational tillage pattern / dryland / maize-wheat double cropping system / grain yield / protein and protein components
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河南省科技攻关项目(232102111009)
河南省科技攻关项目(222102110087)
国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1900700)
国家重点研发计划(2022YFD2300800)
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