氮磷钾配施对盐碱地湖南稷子生产性能和营养品质的影响
项凌飞 , 张峰举 , 麻冬梅 , 刘金龙 , 兰剑 , 邓建强 , 胡海英 , 王斌 , 蔡春江 , 马巧利
草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (07) : 185 -195.
氮磷钾配施对盐碱地湖南稷子生产性能和营养品质的影响
Effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium rationing on production performance and nutritional quality of Echinochloa frumentacea in saline soil
宁夏北部地区由于盐碱地分布广泛,造成土壤肥力差、肥料利用率低等问题,严重制约我国饲草安全。湖南稷子作为一种适应性广、耐盐碱性强的植物,是盐碱地改良和发展草畜产业的重要材料。为探究在盐碱地上适宜湖南稷子生长的施肥量,本试验采用“3414”设计,研究了不同施肥处理对湖南稷子生产性能及营养品质的影响。结果表明:N2P1K1(N:180 kg·hm-2;P2O5:45 kg·hm-2;K2O:30 kg·hm-2)处理的平均株高最高,为1.58 m。N2P1K1处理的鲜草和干草平均产量较不施肥处理分别显著提高了67.24%、62.09%。氮磷钾肥配施可显著提高(P<0.05)湖南稷子的营养价值,粗蛋白、粗灰分含量最高的处理均为N2P0K2(N:180 kg·hm-2;P2O5:0 kg·hm-2;K2O:60 kg·hm-2),分别为5.77%、8.75%,而相对饲喂价值与干物质消化率、总可消化养分、泌乳净能均在N0P2K2(N:0 kg·hm-2;P2O5:90 kg·hm-2;K2O:60 kg·hm-2)处理下最高。经主成分综合分析得出,在N2P1K1处理下排名最高,说明在配施N 180 kg·hm-2,P2O5 45kg·hm-2,K2O 30 kg·hm-2时,最适宜湖南稷子在宁夏北部盐碱地生长。
The northern region of Ningxia has widely distributed saline and alkaline lands. Salinity, in turn, imposes limitations on use of land for crop and forage production, and such land typically has low soil fertility and low fertilizer response. These limitations seriously restrict the capacity for forage grass production in China. As a plant with wide adaptability and strong salinity tolerance, Hunan Jizi (Echinochloa frumentacea) is an important forage species for saline-alkaline land improvement and development of the forage and livestock industries. This experiment investigated the suitable fertilization rate for E. frumentacea on saline-alkaline land, using the ‘3414’ incomplete factorial experimental design to clarify the effects of different fertilization combinations of N, P and K on the production performance and nutritional quality of E. frumentacea. It was found that the average plant height of N2P1K1 (N: 180 kg·ha-1, P2O5: 45 kg·ha-1, K2O: 30 kg·ha-1) was 1.58 m. The average yields of fresh herbage and hay in treatment N2P1K1 were, respectively, 67.24% and 62.09% higher than those of the no-fertilizer treatment (P<0.05). Nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer application significantly increased the nutritive value of Hunan Jizi, and the treatments with the highest crude protein and crude ash contents were N2P0K2 (N: 180 kg·ha-1, P2O5: 0 kg·ha-1, K2O: 60 kg·ha-1), with gains of 5.77% and 8.75%, respectively, compared to no fertilizer. Meanwhile, the relative feeding value and dry matter digestibility, total digestible nutrients, and net lactation energy were all highest under treatment N0P2K2 (N: 0 kg·ha-1, P2O5: 90 kg·ha-1, K2O: 60 kg·ha-1). Multivariate principal component analysis indicated the highest overall ranking was obtained under the treatment N2P1K1. Based on these results, the recommended fertilizer combination for growing Hunan Jizi on saline and alkaline land in northern Ningxia is: N 180 kg·ha-1, P2O5 45 kg·ha-1, and K2O 30 kg·ha-1.
湖南稷子 / 氮磷钾配施 / 生产性能 / 营养品质 / 综合评价
Echinochloa frumentacea / combining application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers / production performance / nutritional quality / comprehensive assessment
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宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划(2022BDE92070)
宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划(2023BCF01012)
宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划(2019NYYZ0401)
宁夏大学草学一级学科建设项目(NXYLXK2017A01)
清华大学水沙科学水利水电工程国家重点实验室及宁夏银川水联网数字治水联合研究院联合开放研究基金(sklhse-2022-Iow05)
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