干旱胁迫与复水对菊芋幼苗的生长及生理特性的影响
李慧玲 , 朱永兴 , 陈檬 , 刘姝 , 王娇 , 刘奕清 , 张雪梅 , 马慧慧
草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (07) : 171 -184.
干旱胁迫与复水对菊芋幼苗的生长及生理特性的影响
Effects of drought stress and re-watering on the growth and physiological characteristics of Helianthus tuberosus seedlings
为了明确菊芋幼苗对干旱胁迫和复水的响应机制,探究干旱胁迫及恢复浇水处理后对菊芋幼苗生长、生理特性的影响。本研究以‘青芋’菊芋幼苗为材料,在盆栽试验条件下,设置对照处理(CK)、干旱胁迫处理(DS)、复水期间对照处理(RCK)、复水处理(RW),测定干旱胁迫7、14、21、28 d以及复水7、14 d菊芋幼苗的生长形态(总根长、根系投影面积、根系表面积、根系平均直径、根尖数)和生理指标(光合作用参数、光合色素含量、叶绿素荧光参数、水分含量、渗透调节物质、抗氧化酶活性、糖类物质含量、脯氨酸代谢酶活性)。结果表明,干旱胁迫显著抑制菊芋的生长,复水管理能恢复菊芋的正常生长。与干旱胁迫相比,RW处理根系总长度、根系表面积、根系投影面积、平均直径和根尖数显著增加了18.18%、54.36%、30.35%、34.51%和83.29%,叶绿素a(Chl a)和叶绿素a+b(Chl a+Chl b)含量分别显著提高19.51%和19.42%,实际光量子效率(ΦPSII)和光化学淬灭系数(qP)显著上升了13.64%和2.99%;自由水含量和相对含水量显著增加1250.00%和1.34%,束缚水含量和总含水量上升12.84%和8.99%。复水处理后菊芋幼苗的吸水能力得到恢复,保证植株正常生长;与RCK处理相比,RW处理气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和胞间CO2浓度(Ci)显著提高了90.27%、52.24%和44.75%,在第7天时过氧化物酶(POD)活性、蔗糖、果糖和葡萄糖含量上升,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白含量降低,而脯氨酸合成途径的Δ1-吡咯啉-5-羧酸合成酶(P5CS)活性和脯氨酸脱氢酶(PDH)活性提高,促进脯氨酸分解,使得菊芋幼苗体内达到渗透平衡,维持细胞的正常膨压。该研究结果可为推广菊芋节水栽培技术的实践应用提供理论依据和参考。
The aim of this work was to clarify the response mechanism of Helianthus tuberosus seedlings to drought stress and re-watering. A pot experiment was conducted in which seedlings of H. tuberosus ‘Qingyu’ were subjected to a drought stress treatment (DS), a control treatment during rewatering (RCK), and a re-watering treatment (RW). Seedlings in the control group (CK) were grown under normal (non-drought) conditions. The growth and physiological characteristics of the seedlings in the CK and treatment groups were measured. The growth morphology (total root length, root projected area, root surface area, average root diameter, number of root tips) and physiological parameters (photosynthesis parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, contents of photosynthetic pigments, water, saccharides, and osmoregulators, antioxidant enzyme activities, proline-metabolizing enzyme activities) of H. tuberosus seedlings were determined at 7, 14, 21, 28 days of drought stress and at 7 and 14 days of rewatering. The results showed that drought stress significantly inhibited the growth of H. tuberosus, but normal growth was restored by re-watering. Compared with plants in the DS group, those in the RW group showed significantly increased total root length, root surface area, root projected area, average diameter, and root tip number (by 18.18%, 54.36%, 30.35%, 34.51%, and 83.29%, respectively), and higher chlorophyll a and chlorophyll a+b contents (increased by 19.51% and 19.42%, respectively). Comparing the RW group with the DS group, the actual optical quantum efficiency and photochemical quenching coefficient were increased by 13.64% and 2.99% respectively, the free water content and relative water content were increased by 1250.00% and 1.34%, respectively, and the bound water content and total water content were increased by 12.84% and 8.99%, respectively. After the re-watering treatment, the water-absorbing ability of H. tuberosus seedlings was restored, allowing for normal growth to resume. Compared with the plants in the RCK group, significantly higher stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and intercellular CO2 concentration (increased by 90.27%, 52.24% and 44.75%, respectively) in the RW group; those in the RW group showed higher peroxidase activity and sucrose, fructose, and glucose contents on the 7th day, lower superoxide dismutase activity, catalase activity, proline and soluble protein contents, and higher activities of two enzymes in the proline synthesis pathway; Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid synthase and proline dehydrogenase. This promoted proline decomposition, contributing to the regulation of osmotic balance in H. tuberosus seedlings and the maintenance of normal cell turgor pressure. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis and reference for the practical application of water-saving cultivation techniques for H. tuberosus.
Helianthus tuberosus / drought stress / re-watering
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湖北省国际科技合作计划项目(2024EHA011)
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