中国北方天然草地土壤pH对不同施肥措施的响应
Responses of soil pH to different fertilization practices in natural grasslands of northern China
土壤pH是影响草地生态系统植物生长和土壤养分有效性的关键因素之一,施肥作为修复退化草地的重要措施,可能会对土壤pH造成影响。为了研究不同施肥措施对中国北方天然草地土壤pH的影响,进一步为修复退化草地的措施优化提供科学依据,本研究收集了2000-2024年公开发表的63篇文献,共包括461组数据,采用整合分析(Meta-analysis)方法,对施用化学氮肥、氮磷配施和有机肥对土壤pH的影响进行了定量分析,并使用随机森林方法明确了不同施肥措施对土壤pH影响的主控因素。结果表明:总体上,施用化学氮肥对土壤pH的降幅最大,为5.31%,并且随施肥强度及施肥年限的增加而增大;氮磷配施的降幅为2.92%;施用有机肥在整体上对土壤pH没有显著影响。土壤pH对不同施肥措施的响应在不同草地类型、气候条件和酸碱度土壤中存在显著差异;随机森林分析结果显示,施肥量、施肥年限、土壤初始pH和年均降水量是土壤pH对不同施肥措施响应的重要因素。其中,施肥量是施用化学氮肥影响土壤pH的主控因素,均方误差的增加百分比为52.40%;土壤初始pH是氮磷配施和有机肥影响土壤pH的主控因素,均方误差的增加百分比分别为22.80%与22.20%。本研究还发现,施用有机肥对土壤pH的总体影响不显著,但显著增加了酸性及中性土壤的pH,降低了碱性土壤的pH。因此,在今后可以通过施用有机肥、有机无机肥配施等措施来调控土壤pH,从而保证草地生态系统的稳定性。
Soil pH is a critical factor influencing plant growth and soil nutrient availability in grassland ecosystems. Fertilization is as an essential practice for rehabilitating degraded grasslands and may significantly affect soil pH. This study aimed to examine the impacts of various fertilization strategies on soil pH in natural grasslands in northern China, with an aim to provide scientific evidence and methodological references for optimizing restoration practices for degraded grasslands. A total of 63 articles published between 2000 and 2024, encompassing 461 datasets, were used for these analyses. A meta-analysis was employed to quantitatively assess the effects of chemical nitrogen fertilizer, combined nitrogen and phosphorus application, and organic fertilizer on soil pH. Additionally, the primary factors influencing soil pH under different fertilization regimes were identified using the random forest method. The results indicated that overall, the application of chemical nitrogen fertilizer resulted in the most substantial decrease in soil pH with a reduction of 5.31%, and its effect was further intensified with increased rates and duration of fertilization. Nitrogen and phosphorus application resulted in a 2.92% decrease in soil pH, whereas organic fertilizer application exhibited no significant overall effect on soil pH. The response of soil pH to fertilization varied significantly across different grassland types, climate conditions, and initial soil pH levels. The random forest analysis revealed that the fertilization rate, duration of fertilization, initial soil pH, and annual rainfall were pivotal factors affecting the soil pH response to fertilization. Among these, fertilization rate was the principal factor influencing soil pH under chemical nitrogen fertilization (increase in mean square error=52.40%). Initial soil pH was the principal factor affecting the soil pH response to combined nitrogen and phosphorus application and organic fertilizer application (mean square error increases of 22.80% and 22.20%, respectively). Correlation analyses revealed that the soil pH response to chemical nitrogen fertilization was positively correlated with the initial soil pH and negatively correlated with the duration and rate of fertilization. The response of soil pH to combined nitrogen and phosphorus application was positively correlated with the initial soil pH, and negatively correlated with annual rainfall and duration of fertilization. The response of soil pH to organic fertilization was positively correlated with annual average temperature, annual rainfall, and the fertilization rate, but negatively correlated with altitude. Organic fertilizer application had no significant overall effect on soil pH, but it significantly increased the pH of acidic and neutral soils and decreased the pH of alkaline soil. Therefore, grassland restoration strategies should consider using organic fertilizer, or a combination of organic and inorganic fertilizer, and other measures tailored to the particular soil pH conditions to ensure the stability of grassland ecosystems.
施肥 / 土壤pH / 影响因素 / Meta分析 / 北方天然草地
fertilization / soil pH / impact factors / Meta-analysis / northern natural grasslands
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国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF1302800)
山西省科技重大专项计划揭榜挂帅项目(202201140601028)
山西省现代农业产业技术体系建设(2024CYJSTX13)
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