添加乳酸菌对柑桔劣果和玉米秸混合青贮发酵特性和气味特征的影响
Effects of lactic acid bacteria additives on citrus fruit and corn stalk fermentation characteristics and odor characteristics of mixed silage
饲料气味在动物采食喜好、采食量以及生产性能方面起着重要作用,然而目前关于饲料中气味特征的研究极为有限。本研究采用顶空-气相色谱-质谱法和高通量测序技术,分析了添加(LPA组)和不添加(CK组)植物乳杆菌接种剂对柑桔劣果和玉米秸混合青贮饲料发酵品质、细菌菌群结构和挥发性化合物的影响。结果表明,相较于CK组,LPA组显著降低了青贮pH、乙酸和氨态氮含量(P<0.05),显著提高了乳酸含量(P<0.05)。乳杆菌属是青贮中的优势属,LPA组乳杆菌属相对丰度更高,克雷伯菌属相对丰度更低。碳水化合物代谢是青贮中最主要的代谢类型,CK组较LPA组降低了果糖和甘露糖代谢以及淀粉和蔗糖代谢类基因的相对丰度。D-柠檬烯是青贮中含量最丰富的萜烯类化合物,CK组增加了酸类和醇类化合物含量,降低了D-柠檬烯含量。克雷伯菌属的相对丰度与乙酸和乙醇的相对含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。综上所述,添加植物乳杆菌能够促进乳杆菌属繁殖,保留更多D-柠檬烯,改善柑桔青贮饲料的发酵品质与香味组成。
Feed odor plays an important role in animal feed preference, feed intake and growth rate. However, currently, research on the odor characteristics of feed is extremely limited. In this study, headspace-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-throughput sequencing technologies were used to analyze the effects of adding Lactobacillus plantarum (LPA group) or not adding LPA (CK group) inoculant on the fermentation quality, bacterial flora structure and volatile compounds of mixed silage of inferior citrus (Citrus reticulata) fruits and corn (Zea mays) stalks. It was found that, compared with the CK group, silages in the LPA group had significantly reduced pH, acetic acid and ammonia nitrogen content (P<0.05), and significantly increased lactic acid content (P<0.05). Lactobacillus was the dominant bacterial genus in both silage groups. However, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus in the LPA group was higher, and the relative abundance of Klebsiella was lower than in the CK group. Carbohydrate metabolism was the most important metabolic activity in silage. Compared with the LPA-group silages, the relative abundance of genes related to fructose and mannose metabolism, and starch and sucrose metabolism were decreased in CK silage. D-limonene was the most abundant terpene compound in the silages. The CK-group silages had increased content of acid and alcohol compounds and reduced the content of D-limonene, compared to the LPA-group silages. The relative abundance of Klebsiella was extremely significantly positively correlated with the relative content of acetic acid and ethanol (P<0.01). In conclusion, adding L. plantarum increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, facilitated retention of D-limonene, and improved the fermentation quality and flavor composition of mixed silage feed incorporating citrus fruit.
over-ripe citrus fruit / ensiling / fermentation characteristics / odor characteristics
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陕西省教育厅项目(23JK0438)
渭南师范学院横向项目(2024HX191)
渭南师范学院横向项目(2024HX050)
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