保护播种下紫花苜蓿根际土壤氨氧化和反硝化微生物群落对糜子种植比例变化的响应
李若璇 , 李升郅粲 , 陈奕彤 , 孙雨豪 , 杨培志 , 崔彦农 , 龙明秀 , 何树斌
草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (06) : 110 -121.
保护播种下紫花苜蓿根际土壤氨氧化和反硝化微生物群落对糜子种植比例变化的响应
Effects of different planting ratios of broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum) on ammonia-oxidizing and denitrifying microorganisms in rhizosphere soil of alfalfa (Medicago sativa)
为研究保护播种下糜子种植比例对紫花苜蓿根际土壤因子、氨氧化微生物[氨氧化古菌(ammonia-oxidizing archaea,AOA)和氨氧化细菌(ammonia-oxidizing bacteria,AOB)]和反硝化微生物(nirK、nirS和nosZ)的影响,以黄土高原旱作农业区紫花苜蓿根际土壤为对象,设置4种糜子-紫花苜蓿种植比例[1∶1(1P1M),1∶2(1P2M),1∶3(1P3M)和2∶3(2P3M)]并以紫花苜蓿单播(M)为对照,利用高通量测序分析紫花苜蓿根际土壤中氨氧化和反硝化微生物群落多样性、结构、组成、共现网络及其与土壤因子的相关性。结果表明:随着糜子种植密度的增加,保护播种提高了土壤总氮含量和稳定碳氮同位素值,且在保护播种2P3M中显著增加(P<0.05),土壤有机碳含量先降低后增加,且在2P3M中显著下降(P<0.05)。保护播种提高了土壤氨氧化和nosZ微生物的丰富度,降低了nirK微生物的丰富度,其中,AOA微生物α多样性对种植比例变化更敏感。β多样性分析发现,不同保护播种比例之间,土壤氨氧化和反硝化微生物群落结构差异均不明显。AOA和AOB微生物分别以亚硝化球菌属和亚硝化螺菌属为优势属,其含量均超过85%;而反硝化微生物表现为富集促进植物生长发育和养分转化的菌属,如nirK微生物中无色杆菌属和nirS微生物中固氮弧菌属等。共现网络分析表明,保护播种2P3M处理的土壤氨氧化和反硝化微生物群落具有更复杂的共现网络,主要体现在网络复杂性和模块化系数指标。相关性分析进一步显示,全氮、钙离子、镁离子与AOA微生物多样性显著相关,土壤有机碳和镉离子均与AOB和nirS微生物多样性显著相关。综上所述,饲草与杂粮保护播种会影响饲草根际土壤氨氧化和反硝化微生物多样性、组成和共现网络,揭示了保护播种技术下氮素高效利用的微生物机制,且以2∶3的比例种植作物可能会发挥出保护播种技术最佳优势。
Companion planting of broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum) with alfalfa (Medicago sativa) can improve nitrogen utilization. To explore the mechanism of this effect, we investigated the impact of different planting ratios of broomcorn millet and alfalfa on ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), denitrifying microorganisms (nirK-, nirS-, and nosZ-containing microbes), and other soil factors in alfalfa rhizosphere soil under companion planting in the dry farming area of the Loess Plateau. Four broomcorn millet-alfalfa planting ratios [1∶1 (1P1M), 1∶2 (1P2M), 1∶3 (1P3M), and 2∶3 (2P3M)] were established with alfalfa monoculture (M) as the control. The diversity, structure, composition, and co-occurrence network of ammonia-oxidizing and denitrifying microorganisms in alfalfa rhizosphere soil were determined by high-throughput sequencing, and their correlations with soil factors were analyzed. The results showed that, as the ratio of broomcorn millet increased, the soil total nitrogen content and stable carbon and nitrogen isotope values increased, and significantly increased in 2P3M (P<0.05); and the soil organic carbon content first decreased and then increased, with a significant decrease in 2P3M (P<0.05). Companion planting increased the richness of ammonia-oxidizing and nosZ-containing microorganisms, but decreased the richness of nirK-containing microorganisms. The alpha diversity of AOA was sensitive to the planting ratio. However, a beta diversity analysis revealed no significant differences in ammonia-oxidizing and denitrifying community structures among the different planting ratios. Nitrososphaera and Nitrosospira were the dominant genera of AOA and AOB, respectively, accounting for over 85% of their communities based on abundance. The denitrifying microbial community was enriched in genera that promote plant growth and nutrient transformation, such as Achromobacter among the nirK-containing microorganisms and Azoarcus among the nirS-containingmicroorganisms. A co-occurrence network analysis revealed a more complex co-occurrence network of soil ammonia-oxidizing and denitrifying communities in 2P3M than in the other treatments, and this was mainly evident in the network complexity and modularity indicators. The contents of total nitrogen and calcium and magnesium ions were significantly correlated with AOA microbial diversity, and the contents of soil organic carbon and cadmium ions were significantly correlated with AOB and nirS microorganisms. In summary, companion planting affected the diversity, composition, and co-occurrence network of ammonia-oxidizing and denitrifying microorganisms in the rhizosphere soil of alfalfa, revealing the microbial mechanism of efficient nitrogen utilization under this technology. Based on these results, the broomcorn millet∶alfalfa planting ratio of 2∶3 appears to be the most effective for exploiting the advantages of companion planting.
保护播种 / 氨氧化 / 反硝化 / 功能基因 / 多样性 / 共现网络
companion planting / ammonia oxidation / denitrification / functional gene / diversity / co-occurrence network
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国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1300803)
国家自然科学基金(32071878)
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