纤维素降解菌的筛选以及对水稻秸秆的代谢利用
陈丹丹 , 王垚 , 郭田心 , 梁秋雨 , 张庆 , 骈瑞琪
草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (09) : 185 -193.
纤维素降解菌的筛选以及对水稻秸秆的代谢利用
Screening of cellulose-degrading bacteria involved in metabolic utilization of rice straw
为提高秸秆的利用率,从白蚁肠道中通过刚果红初筛、滤纸降解复筛试验筛选到了两株纤维素降解菌,经NCBI同源序列比对百分比分别鉴定为沙福芽孢杆菌(BS)和伊朗纤维单胞菌(CE),其内切葡聚糖酶、外切葡聚糖酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶活力测定结果分别为0.102、0.321、0.112 U·mL-1和0.202、0.434、0.131 U·mL-1。两株菌的滤纸发酵差异代谢物主要是氨基酸及其代谢产物、苯及其衍生物、醛酮酯类、生物碱、有机酸及其衍生物和杂环化合物等物质。其差异代谢途径以苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸的生物合成和芳香族化合物的降解等为主。以水稻秸秆为唯一碳源培养沙福芽孢杆菌和伊朗纤维单胞菌14 d后,秸秆出现不同程度降解,与对照组相比,沙福芽孢杆菌和伊朗纤维单胞菌处理下秸秆的酸性洗涤纤维(48.80%、35.43% DM)和半纤维素含量(19.90%、17.53% DM)以及可溶性碳水化合物含量(0.11%、0.18% DM)均显著降低,伊朗纤维单胞菌处理下秸秆的失重率(43.12% DM)显著增加、中性洗涤纤维含量(52.95% DM)显著降低。
To enhance the utilization rate of straw, two cellulose-degrading bacteria were isolated from the intestinal tract of termites. The bacteria were initially screened using Congo red and subsequently re-screened with a filter paper degradation test. They were identified as Cellulomonas iranensis (CE) and Bacillus safensis (BS) through NCBI homologous sequence alignment. The enzymatic activities of endoglucanase, exoglucanase, and β-glucosidase were quantified to two bacterial species. The measured activities for BS were 0.102, 0.321, and 0.112 U·mL-1, respectively, whereas those for CE were 0.202, 0.434, and 0.131 U·mL-1, respectively. The differential metabolites identified during filter paper fermentation by BS and CE were primarily amino acids and their metabolites, benzene and its derivatives, aldehydes, ketones, esters, alkaloids, organic acids and their derivatives, as well as heterocyclic compounds. The differential metabolic pathways were dominated by the biosynthesis of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan, as well as the degradation of aromatic compounds. After 14 days fermentation, BS and CE were cultivated with rice (Oryza sativa) straw as the sole carbon source. The straw was degraded to varying degrees. Both of BS and CE significantly (P<0.05) reduced the contents of acid detergent fiber (48.80%, 35.43% DM), hemicellulose (19.90%, 17.53% DM) and water soluble carbohydrate (0.11%, 0.18% DM). In addition, the inoculation of CE also obviously increased (P<0.05) the weight loss rate of straw (43.12% DM) and reduced the content of neutral detergent fiber (52.95% DM).
cellulose-degrading bacteria / filter paper / rice straw
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广州市科技计划项目(2024E04J0301)
广东长隆慈善基金会(CLPF2021007Z)
国家重点研发项目(2022YFE0111000-2)
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