寒冷区苏打盐碱生境下紫花苜蓿越冬期根颈的生理特性
陈宁 , 包凤轩 , 赵辉祥 , 王楠 , 姜汝玉 , 李国良 , 刘香萍 , 曲善民 , 杨伟光
草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (09) : 78 -86.
寒冷区苏打盐碱生境下紫花苜蓿越冬期根颈的生理特性
Physiological characteristics of the alfalfa root collar during overwintering under soda saline-alkali stress in cold areas
根颈是紫花苜蓿根系与茎部的过渡结构,对苜蓿返青具有重要影响。为了明确在寒冷区苏打盐碱生境下,紫花苜蓿自然越冬过程中根颈的生理特性,选取了在大庆地区越冬率存在差异性的龙牧801(越冬率96.59%)和骑士T(越冬率83.54%)两个苜蓿品种,定期监测两个苜蓿品种在大田自然越冬状态下苜蓿根颈超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性和游离脯氨酸(Pro)、可溶性蛋白(SP)、可溶性总糖(SS)、丙二醛(MDA)含量及根颈组织含水量(TWC),综合分析在苏打盐碱和冬季低温复合胁迫下的苜蓿根颈生理特性变化。结果表明:在苏打盐碱与冬季低温的复合胁迫下,随低温胁迫时间延长苜蓿根颈内TWC逐渐降低,SS、SP、Pro含量逐渐升高,均在次年2月达到峰值,龙牧801根颈SS含量更高,骑士T根颈Pro含量更高;苜蓿根颈内SOD、POD活性和MDA含量呈双峰趋势变化,龙牧801与骑士T相比根颈SOD活性更强,MDA积累量更少,寒潮下POD活性更高。综上所述,在冬季盐碱和低温复合胁迫下龙牧801能在根颈内积累更多的可溶性糖,维持根颈水分稳定,并在强低温胁迫影响时维持更强的抗氧化酶系统活性,以降低细胞膜过氧化程度,从而获得更高的越冬率。
The root collar or crown of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is a transitional structure connecting roots and stems, and has an important role in alfalfa greening. This research aimed to clarify the physiological characteristics of the alfalfa root collar during overwintering under soda saline-alkali stress in a cold area. Two alfalfa varieties Longmu No.801 (over-winter survival rate 96.59%) and Stockpile (over-winter survival rate 83.54%), were tested in Daqing. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD), and the contents of free proline (Pro), soluble protein (SP), total soluble sugar (SS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and tissue water content (TWC) in root collar of two alfalfa varieties were monitored at six time points during overwintering (late September, October, November, December, February and April) in the field. The physiological characteristics of the alfalfa root collar in test plants under combined stresses of soda saline-alkali and low temperature in winter were analyzed using a multivariate procedure. It was found that under the combined stresses of soda saline-alkali and low temperature in winter, alfalfa root collar TWC gradually decreased with increase in the low temperature stress exposure time, and the contents of SS, SP and Pro gradually increased, reaching a peak in February of the following year. The SS content of Longmu No.801 was higher than Stockpile, while the Pro content of Stockpile was higher than Longmu No.801. SOD and POD activities together with MDA content in alfalfa root collars showed a bimodal winter pattern, with peaks in late November and February, and the February peak in the variety Stockpile significantly higher than Longmu No.801 for all three parameters. Compared with Stockpile, Longmu No.801 had stronger SOD activity and less MDA accumulation, and POD activity was higher under cold exposure. In summary, under the combined stress of soda saline and winter cold, Longmu No.801 accumulated more SS in the root collar, maintained a more stable TWC in the root collar, and maintained stronger activities of antioxidant enzymes, than the variety Stockpile, which had lower over-winter survival. These root collar physiological characteristics are therefore indicated by our research to be linked to the variety differences in overwinter survival in saline-alkali conditions.
during overwintering stage / soda saline-alkali / alfalfa / root collar / physiological characteristics
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科技创新2030-重大项目(2022ZD04012)
学成、引进人才科研启动计划(XYB202113)
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