开食料添加纤维素酶对羔羊生产性能、器官发育、肌肉脂肪酸组成及血清抗氧化指标的影响
任春燕 , 郝志云 , 邴睿 , 霍应栋 , 赵海碧 , 尹鹏飞 , 唐德富 , 蔺淑琴 , 王继卿
草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (07) : 120 -131.
开食料添加纤维素酶对羔羊生产性能、器官发育、肌肉脂肪酸组成及血清抗氧化指标的影响
Effects of adding cellulase to the starter diet on the production performance, organ development, fatty acid composition, and serum antioxidant indices of Hu lambs
旨在研究开食料中添加纤维素酶对羔羊生产性能、器官发育、肌肉脂肪酸及血清抗氧化指标的影响。选用初生体重相近的24只15日龄湖羊公羔作为试验动物,随机分为两组,对照组和处理组各12只,分别饲喂未添加纤维素酶和添加0.1%纤维素酶的开食料。0至15日龄羔羊随母哺乳,15日龄分开后单栏喂养,并使用代乳粉和开食料喂养,60日龄断奶,断奶后继续自由采食开食料至120日龄试验结束。结果表明:1)断奶前处理组体重、平均日增重和平均日采食量较对照组显著升高(P<0.05),与之相反, 断奶后,处理组这3项指标均显著降低(P<0.05)。2)60日龄的处理组羔羊屠宰率、肺脏指数较对照组显著升高(P<0.05);120日龄的对照组羔羊胴体重、屠宰率及心脏指数均显著超过处理组(P<0.05)。3)60日龄,对照组背最长肌丁酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸均显著高于处理组(P<0.05),十五烷酸显著低于处理组(P<0.05);120日龄,对照组二十一烷酸显著高于处理组,木腊酸则显著低于处理组(P<0.05)。随日龄的增加,对照组己酸、辛酸、十一烷酸、肉豆蔻酸、十五烷酸、花生酸、榆树酸及木腊酸显著降低(P<0.05);处理组十五烷酸、榆树酸、木腊酸显著降低(P<0.05),而棕榈酸显著升高(P<0.05)。4)60日龄,对照组背最长肌豆蔻油酸、棕榈油酸、十七碳烯酸、油酸、γ-亚麻酸及二十碳五烯酸(EPA)浓度显著高于处理组(P<0.05);120日龄,豆蔻油酸显著高于处理组(P<0.05);从60到120日龄,对照组十七碳烯酸、二十碳六烯酸、花生四烯酸、二十碳五烯酸、二十二碳六烯酸显著降低,豆蔻油酸显著升高;处理组单不饱和脂肪酸、豆蔻油酸、棕榈油酸、油酸显著升高(P<0.05),多不饱和脂肪酸、亚油酸、α-亚麻酸、二十碳二烯酸、二十碳六烯酸、二十碳三烯酸、花生四烯酸、二十碳五烯酸、二十二碳六烯酸显著降低(P<0.05)。5)60日龄,除去对丙二醛浓度无影响外,对断奶后抗氧化性能有一定的改善。120日龄时,处理组除超氧化物歧化酶活性较对照组显著降低外,其余指标均显著升高(P<0.05)。综上,在本试验条件下,当饲喂添加0.1%纤维素酶开食料能够提高断奶前羔羊生产性能及屠宰率,对断奶后肌肉脂肪酸的组成及抗氧化性能均有一定的改善。
We investigated the effects adding cellulase to the starter diet on the production performance, organ development, muscle fatty acid content, and serum antioxidant indexes of Hu lambs. Twenty-four 15-day-old male Hu lambs with similar birth weights were divided into two groups: control (12 lambs fed with a starter diet) and treatment (12 lambs fed with a starter diet containing cellulase at 0.1% w/v). The experiment had a randomized group design. The test lambs were lactated with their mothers from 0 to 15 days of age, and then separated at 15 days of age and fed with milk replacer and kibble in a single pen. They were weaned at 60 days of age, and continued to feed freely on kibble after weaning. The experiment ended when the lambs reached 120 days of age. The main results were follows: 1) The body weight, average daily gain, and average daily feed intake of lambs were significantly higher in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.05) at the pre-weaning stage; but significantly lower in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.05) post-weaning. 2) At 60 days of age, the slaughter rate and lung index were significantly higher in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.05). At 120 days of age, the carcass weight and slaughter rate as well as heart indices were significantly higher in the control group than in the treatment group (P<0.05). 3) At 60 days of age, the concentrations of butyric acid, myristic acid, and palmitic acid in the longissimus dorsi muscle were significantly higher in the control group than in the treatment group (P<0.05), whereas the concentration of pentadecanoic acid was significantly lower in the control group than in the treatment group (P<0.05). At 120 days of age, the heneicosanoic acid concentration was significantly higher in the control group than in the treatment group, and the lignoceric acid concentration was significantly lower in the control group than in the treatment group (P<0.05). As lamb age increased, the concentrations of caproic acid, caprylic acid, undecenoic acid, myristic acid, pentadecanoic acid, arachidic acid, elaidic acid, and lignoceric acid significantly decreased in the control group; and those of pentadecanoic acid, elaidic acid, and lignoceric acid significantly decreased and that of palmitic acid significantly increased in the treatment group (P<0.05). 4) At 60 days of age, the concentrations of myristoleic acid, palmitoleic acid, heptadecaenoic acid, oleic acid, γ-linolenic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in the longissimus dorsi muscle were significantly higher in the control group than in the treatment group (P<0.05). At 120 days of age, the concentration of myristoleic acid was significantly higher in the control group than in the treatment group (P<0.05). From 60 to 120 days of age, in the control group, the concentrations of heptadecaenoic acid, eicossahexaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, EPA and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) significantly decreased, and the concentration of myristoleic acid significantly increased; in the treatment group, the concentrations of monounsaturated fatty acids, myristoleic acid, palmitoleic acid, and oleic acid significantly increased (P<0.05), and the concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, eicosadienoic acid, eicossahexaenoic acid, epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, arachidonic acid, EPA and DHA significantly decreased (P<0.05). 5) At 60 days of age, all indexes were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the control group than in the treatment group, except for the malondialdehyde concentration, which showed no significant difference. At 120 days of age, the values of all indexes were significantly higher in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.05), except for the superoxide dismutase concentration, which was significantly lower (P<0.05). These results show that the addition of 0.1% cellulase to the starter diet improved the digestion, feed utilization, and slaughter performance of Hu lambs; it promoted fatty acid accumulation and affected fatty acid composition in muscle, which were beneficial to health pre-weaning, and improved antioxidant indices post-weaning.
纤维素酶 / 羔羊 / 生产性能 / 器官发育 / 脂肪酸 / 血清抗氧化指标
cellulase / lamb / production performance / organ development / fatty acids / serum antioxidant index
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国家自然科学基金项目(32160800)
公招博士科研启动金(GAU-KYQD-2018-28)
甘肃农业大学学科团队项目(GAU-XKTD-2022-21)
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