新疆托木尔峰不同植物根际土壤真菌群落结构比较研究
Comparative study of rhizosphere soil fungal community structure among different plants in Tomur Peak, Xinjiang
为探究新疆托木尔峰不同植物根际土壤真菌群落结构和功能差异,利用高通量测序技术探究该保护区内野党参、早熟禾、老鹳草、紫花苜蓿4种植物根际土壤真菌群落结构差异,并分析不同植物根际土壤理化特性与真菌群落结构之间的相关性。结果表明,野党参根际土壤真菌的Shannon和Simpson指数显著高于老鹳草(P<0.05),但与早熟禾差异不显著。非度量多维尺度分析(non-metric multidimensional scaling, NMDS)结果表明,早熟禾根际土壤真菌群落与老鹳草、紫花苜蓿的差异性相对较小,而早熟禾、老鹳草、紫花苜蓿三者的根际土壤真菌群落与野党参的差异性相对较大。4种植物根际土壤的优势真菌门为子囊菌门、被孢霉门、担子菌门和壶菌门,而被孢霉目、肉座菌目是其优势菌目,但它们在不同植物中的相对丰度不尽相同。从营养类型看,4种植物根际土壤真菌优势营养模式均以腐生营养型为主,其相对丰度占32.1%~52.5%,第二优势营养型在野党参和老鹳草根际土壤中分别是共生营养型(9.3%)和病理腐生过渡型(4.1%),在早熟禾和紫花苜蓿中是病理营养型(8.3%和15.8%)。从功能类群看,未定义腐生真菌是4种植物的最优势功能菌群,其相对丰度占28.6%~44.2%,而其他功能群在不同植物中的占比各不相同。由此可见,托木尔峰根际土壤真菌群落结构在不同植物物种间有差异,研究结果可为深入理解山地植物的环境适应策略和该地区生态环境修复提供理论依据。
The aims of this study were to explore the structure and function of the rhizosphere fungal community in different plant species growing around Tomur Peak, and to determine how these characteristics contribute to the maintenance of ecosystem stability. High-throughput sequencing technology was used to detect differences in fungal community structure in the rhizosphere soil among four plants; Codonopsis javanica,Poa annua, Geranium wilfordii, and Medicago sativa. Correlations between soil physicochemical properties and fungal community structure were also analyzed. The results showed that Shannon’s index and Simpson’s index, indicators of rhizosphere soil fungal diversity, were higher in C. javanica than in the other plant species. A non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis showed that the fungal community structure of C. javanica differed from that of the other plant species. Across all samples, the dominant fungal phyla in the rhizosphere soil were Ascomycota, Mortierellomycota, Basidiomycota, and Chytridiomycota. Mortierellales and Hypocreales were the dominant fungal orders, but their relative abundance varied among the four plant species. Among all samples, the dominant nutritional pattern of fungi was saprotrophic (32.1%-52.5%), followed by symbiotrophic in rhizosphere soil of C. javanica (9.3%); pathotrophic-saprotrophic inrhizosphere soil of G. wilfordii (4.1%), and pathotrophic in rhizosphere soils of P. annua and M. sativa (8.3% and 15.8%, respectively). Undefined saprophytic fungi was the dominant functional group (28.6%-44.2%), but the proportions of other functional groups differed among plant species. In conclusion, we detected significant differences in the structure and composition of rhizosphere soil fungal communities among plant species. These results provide a theoretical basis for understanding the environmental adaptation strategies of alpine plants and for designing ecological restoration strategies for this region.
托木尔峰 / 高通量测序 / 根际土壤真菌 / 功能类群 / 生态修复
Tomur Peak / high-throughput sequencing / rhizosphere soil fungi / functional group / ecological restoration
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国家自然科学基金(32160408)
第三次新疆综合科学考察项目(2022xjkk0200)
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