不同牧草补播模式对荒漠草原植物群落结构及土壤特性的影响
鲍平安 , 文志林 , 王炎 , 陈彦虎 , 季波 , 王占军 , 吴旭东 , 蒋齐
草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (10) : 62 -73.
不同牧草补播模式对荒漠草原植物群落结构及土壤特性的影响
Effects of different forage reseeding patterns on plant community structure and soil characteristics in desert steppe
为揭示退化荒漠草原逆向演替的驱动因素,本研究探究了不同牧草补播配置模式(禾本科牧草混播P1、豆科牧草混播P2、禾本科+豆科牧草混播P3)下退化荒漠草原植物群落特征、土壤理化性质及二者相关性的变化规律,阐明牧草补播配置模式对宁夏退化荒漠草原植物群落结构与土壤养分含量的影响。研究结果表明:牧草补播提高了豆科植物在植物群落中的占比和植物群落盖度、Simpson、Shannon-Wiener和Margalef指数,地上生物量在禾本科+豆科牧草混播下得到提升。禾本科牧草混播显著降低了土壤容重;禾本科牧草与禾本科+豆科牧草混播模式显著降低了土壤电导率;牧草补播提高了0~10 cm和10~20 cm土层土壤全磷和全钾含量,提高了0~10 cm土层土壤有机碳和全氮含量以及10~20 cm土层土壤pH,降低了0~10 cm土层土壤pH和10~20 cm土壤有机碳含量。0~10 cm土层土壤有机碳和全氮含量均与植物群落物种Simpson、Shannon-Wiener和Margalef指数呈正相关。植被恢复过程中0~10 cm土层土壤有机碳和全磷含量以及10~20 cm土壤pH值与全磷含量是主要影响因子。综上所述,禾本科+豆科牧草混播对提高草地生产力,改善荒漠草原植物群落及其土壤养分具有促进作用,可作为退化荒漠草原恢复的优选配置模式。
We conducted an in-depth analysis of reverse succession in degraded desert grasslands to identify its driving factors. A field experiment was conducted in degraded desert grasslands of Ningxia, and the changes in plant community characteristics, soil physicochemical properties, and their correlations under different forage reseeding configurations (a grass mixture P1, a legume mixture P2, and a grass-legume mixture P3) were investigated. The effects of reseeding configurations on plant community structure and soil nutrient contents were also evaluated. The results show that forage reseeding of the degraded pasture increased the proportion of legumes in plant communities, and resulted in increased vegetation cover and increased values of Simpson’s, Shannon-Wiener’s, and Margalef’s indexes. Reseeding with the grass-legume mixture increased the aboveground biomass of the plant community. Reseeding with the grass mixture significantly reduced soil bulk density, and reseeding with either the grass mixture or the grass-legume mixture decreased soil electrical conductivity. All the reseeding treatments resulted in increased total phosphorus and potassium contents in the 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers, increased organic carbon and total nitrogen contents in the 0-10 cm soil layer, and increased pH in the 10-20 cm layer; and decreases in soil pH in the 0-10 cm soil layer and organic carbon content in the 10-20 cm soil layer. The organic carbon and total nitrogen contents in the 0-10 cm soil layer showed positive correlations with plant community diversity indexes (Simpson’s, Shannon-Wiener’s, and Margalef’s indices). Key factors driving vegetation restoration included organic carbon and total phosphorus contents in surface soil (0-10 cm), along with pH and total phosphorus content in the subsurface soil layer (10-20 cm). The grass-legume mixed configuration demonstrated optimal performance in enhancing grassland productivity, improving plant communities, and optimizing the soil nutrient profile. Therefore, reseeding with a grass-legume mixture is the preferred approach for restoration of degraded desert grasslands.
desert grassland / forage reseeding / plant community characteristics / soil physical and chemical properties
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