施氮量和混播方式对燕麦/饲用豌豆间作系统氮素吸收和干物质产量的影响
鲍根生 , 李媛 , 冯晓云 , 赵倩
草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (11) : 161 -173.
施氮量和混播方式对燕麦/饲用豌豆间作系统氮素吸收和干物质产量的影响
Effects of intercropping planting patterns and nitrogen addition level on nitrogen absorption and biomass within oat-pea intercropping systems
燕麦与饲用豌豆间作种植是高寒区人工草地生产力提升的主要途径,同时,氮添加也是人工草地饲草产量增加的关键栽培措施。然而,不同间作种植方式和氮添加对燕麦与豌豆间作体系产量增加及氮素吸收方面影响的研究较少。以青海高原人工草地建植主要饲草-燕麦和饲用豌豆为对象,研究种植方式(单播、同行混播和隔行间作)和氮添加(未添加、低氮和高氮)对燕麦和豌豆饲草产量和氮素吸收的影响。结果表明:1)隔行间作种植燕麦和单播豌豆生物量(茎叶和根系)最高,而同行混合间作燕麦和豌豆生物量最低。高氮添加能显著增加隔行和同行混合间作燕麦生物量,而高氮添加后单播和间作种植豌豆生物量显著降低。2)间作种植能显著增加燕麦茎叶、根系全氮和土壤速效氮含量,而单播种植豌豆根系的全氮和土壤速效氮含量最高。高氮添加的单播燕麦和豌豆根系全氮含量显著高于隔行间作燕麦,而氮添加处理的燕麦和豌豆同行混合间作土壤的硝态氮和铵态氮含量显著高于单播和隔行间作土壤。3)结构模型方程结果表明间作种植和氮添加对燕麦生物量积累、茎叶和土壤氮素增加具有促进作用,而对豌豆却呈抑制生物量生长、降低茎叶及土壤氮素含量的负效应。由此可见,燕麦与豌豆隔行间作种植并添加尿素50 kg·hm-2(低氮)能显著促进禾豆间作体系氮素吸收能力并实现人工草地产量增加目标,成为高寒区人工草地产量提升的关键栽培技术。
Oats intercropped with peas has been regarded as an important method to improve the productivity of artificial grassland. Similarly, nitrogen fertilization is also recommended as an effective cultivation practice in increasing forage productivity for artificial grasslands. However, few studies have examined the interactive effects of different intercropping planting patterns and nitrogen addition levels on forage yields and the capacity for nitrogen absorption in oat-pea intercropping systems. A field experiment was carried out to examine the role of different intercropping patterns (monocropping, mixed monocropping, alternate-row intercropping) and nitrogen addition (control, low and high level) in improving forage biomass and increasing nitrogen uptake within intercropping systems comprising oats and peas. Our results showed 1) Both above- and belowground biomass of oats was highest when oats were intercropped with peas in an alternate-row pattern. Conversely, oat above- and belowground biomass was minimum when peas and oats were combined in a mixed intercropping system. Furthermore, both oat leaves and stem and oat root total nitrogen content and soil available nitrogen content were significantly increased when oats were intercropped with peas, while root nitrogen and soil available nitrogen contents of peas were lowest when peas were cultivated as a monocrop. 2) Root total nitrogen contents of oats and peas when monocropped were significantly higher than in the counterpart plants in alternate-row intercropped plantings. By contrast, soil NH4+-N and NO3--N contents of oats and peas in mixed intercropped plantings were markedly higher than those in monocropped and alternate-row intercropped systems. 3) Structural equation model (SEM) results indicated that intercropping and nitrogen addition both had a positive effect on oat biomass accumulation and enhanced nitrogen absorption in leaves, stems and soil, while resulting in negative effects on pea biomass and nitrogen contents in aboveground tissues and soil. In conclusion, the forage productivity of artificial grasslands in alpine regions achieves maximum productivity when exploiting the interactive effects of oat alternate-row intercropping with peas, with the addition of a low amount of nitrogen fertilizer (50 kg·ha-1). Our findings suggest that grass intercropping with legumes together with modest exogenous nitrogen addition is an ideal cultivation practice to enhance the productivity of artificial grassland in alpine regions.
| [1] |
Mousavi S R, Eskandari H. A general overview on intercropping and its advantages in sustainable agriculture. Journal of Applied Environmental and Biological Sciences, 2011, 1(11): 482-486. |
| [2] |
Brooker R W, Bennett A E, Cong W F, et al. Improving intercropping: a synthesis of research in agronomy, plant physiology and ecology. New Phytologist, 2015, 206(1): 107-117. |
| [3] |
Li L, Tilman D, Lambers H, et al. Plant diversity and overyielding: insights from belowground facilitation of intercropping in agriculture. New Phytologist, 2014, 203(1): 63-69. |
| [4] |
Maitra S, Hossain A, Brestic M, et al. Intercropping-A low input agricultural strategy for food and environmental security. Agronomy, 2021, 11(2): 343. |
| [5] |
Li X F, Wang Z G, Bao X G, et al. Long-term increased grain yield and soil fertility from intercropping. Nature Sustainability, 2021, 4(11): 943-950. |
| [6] |
Ryan M R. Crops better when grown together. Nature Sustainability, 2021, 4(11): 926-927. |
| [7] |
Ma H Y, Zhou J, Ge J Y, et al. Intercropping improves soil ecosystem multifunctionality through enhanced available nutrients but depends on regional factors. Plant and Soil, 2022, 480(1/2): 71-84. |
| [8] |
Zhang D, Lyu Y, Li H, et al. Neighbouring plants modify maize root foraging for phosphorus: coupling nutrients and neighbours for improved nutrient-use efficiency. New Phytologist, 2020, 226(1): 244-253. |
| [9] |
Garland G, Edlinger A, Banerjee S, et al. Crop cover is more important than rotational diversity for soil multifunctionality and cereal yields in European cropping systems. Nature Food, 2021, 2(1): 28-37. |
| [10] |
Yan H L, Gu S S, Li S Z, et al. Grass legume mixtures enhance forage production via the bacterial community. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2022, 338: 108087. |
| [11] |
Neugschwandtner R W, Kaul H P, Moitzi G, et al. A low nitrogen fertiliser rate in oat-pea intercrops does not impair N2 fixation. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B-Soil & Plant Science, 2021, 71(3): 182-190. |
| [12] |
Bao G S, Zhang P, Ma X, et al. Effect of nitrogen addition on forage and seed yields of intercropping system of Avena sativa and Pisum sativum in alpine regions. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2023, 31(7): 2210-2219. |
| [13] |
鲍根生, 张鹏, 马祥, 高寒区氮添加对禾豆间作系统牧草和种子产量的影响. 草地学报, 2023, 31(7): 2210-2219. |
| [14] |
Wang Z K, Zhang X M, Ma Q H. Seed mixture of oats and common vetch on fertilizer and water-use reduction in a semi-arid alpine region. Soil and Tillage Research, 2022, 219: 105329. |
| [15] |
Wang X, Zeng Z H, Zhu B, et al. Effect of different intercropping and mixture modes on forage yield and quality of oat and common vetch. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2007, 33(11): 1892-1895. |
| [16] |
王旭, 曾昭海, 朱波, 箭筈豌豆与燕麦不同间作混播模式对产量和品质的影响. 作物学报, 2007, 33(11): 1892-1895. |
| [17] |
Liu M, Qiao N, Zhang Q, et al. Cropping regimes affect NO3 - versus NH4 + uptake by Zea mays and Glycine max. Plant and Soil, 2018, 426(1): 241-251. |
| [18] |
Yu Y, Stomph T J, Makowski D, et al. Temporal niche differentiation increases the land equivalent ratio of annual intercrops: A meta-analysis. Field Crops Research, 2015, 184: 133-144. |
| [19] |
Xu Z, Li C J, Zhang C C, et al. Intercropping maize and soybean increases efficiency of land and fertilizer nitrogen use; A meta-analysis. Field Crops Research, 2020, 246: 107661. |
| [20] |
Taylor B N, Menge D N. Light regulates tropical symbiotic nitrogen fixation more strongly than soil nitrogen. Nature Plants, 2018, 4(9): 655-661. |
| [21] |
Cui Z L, Zhang H Y, Chen X P, et al. Pursuing sustainable productivity with millions of smallholder farmers. Nature, 2018, 555(7696): 363-366. |
| [22] |
Wang X Y, Gao Y Z. Advances in the mechanism of cereal/legume intercropping promotion of symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2020, 65(2/3): 142-149. |
| [23] |
王新宇, 高英志. 禾本科/豆科间作促进豆科共生固氮机理研究进展. 科学通报, 2020, 65(2/3): 142-149. |
| [24] |
Feng X Y, Hou T L, Bao G S, et al. Effects of nitrogen addition on CNP stoichiometric traits of oat-pea intercropping system. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2024, 32(2): 450-461. |
| [25] |
冯晓云, 侯统璐, 鲍根生, 氮添加对燕麦/豌豆间作体系碳氮磷化学计量特征的影响. 草地学报, 2024, 32(2): 450-461. |
| [26] |
Duan L X, Ma X, Ju Z L, et al. Effects of nitrogen reduction combined with organic fertilizer on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of Avena sativa ‘Qinghai’. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2022, 30(2): 471-478. |
| [27] |
段连学, 马祥, 琚泽亮, 减氮配施有机肥对‘青海甜燕麦’光合特性和产量的影响. 草地学报, 2022, 30(2): 471-478. |
| [28] |
Bao G S, Li Y, Feng X Y, et al. Interactive effects of intercropping patterns and nitrogen addition on root architectural characteristics of oat and pea in an alpine region. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2024, 33(3): 73-84. |
| [29] |
鲍根生, 李媛, 冯晓云, 高寒区氮添加和间作种植互作对燕麦和豌豆根系构型影响的研究. 草业学报, 2024, 33(3): 73-84. |
| [30] |
Wu X R, Ye X S, Zhao Z Q. Comparison of determining the soil total nitrogen concentration with a continuous flow injection analyzer and Kjeldahl method. Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University, 2009, 28(5): 560-563. |
| [31] |
吴晓荣, 叶祥盛, 赵竹青. 流动注射法与凯氏定氮法测定土壤全氮的比较. 华中农业大学学报, 2009, 28(5): 560-563. |
| [32] |
Lonati M, Moot D J, Aceto P, et al. Thermal time requirements for germination, emergence and seedling development of adventive legume and grass species. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 2009, 52(1): 17-29. |
| [33] |
Xiao Y B, Li L, Zhang F S. Effect of root contact on interspecific competition and N transfer between wheat and fababean using direct and indirect 15N techniques. Plant and Soil, 2004, 262: 45-54. |
| [34] |
Hauggaard-Nielsen H, Ambus P, Jensen E S. The comparison of nitrogen use and leaching in sole cropped versus intercropped pea and barley. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2003, 65: 289-300. |
| [35] |
Li Y Y, Yu C B, Cheng X, et al. Intercropping alleviates the inhibitory effect of N fertilization on nodulation and symbiotic N2 fixation of faba bean. Plant and Soil, 2009, 323: 295-308. |
| [36] |
Hichri I, Meilhoc E, Boscari A, et al. Nitric oxide: jack-of-all-trades of the nitrogen-fixing symbiosis? Advances in Botanical Research, 2016, 77: 193-218. |
| [37] |
Zhu Y Q, Zheng W, Wang X, et al. Effects plant spacing pattern on root morphological and architectural characteristics of legume-grass mixtures. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2018, 27(1): 73-85. |
| [38] |
朱亚琼, 郑伟, 王祥, 混播方式对豆禾混播草地植物根系构型特征的影响. 草业学报, 2018, 27(1): 73-85. |
| [39] |
Fan M S, Sun Y Q, Shao J W, et al. Influence of nitrogen forms on oat growth and phosphorus uptake. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2005, 31(1): 114-118. |
| [40] |
樊明寿, 孙亚卿, 邵金旺, 不同形态氮素对燕麦营养生长和磷素利用的影响. 作物学报, 2005, 31(1): 114-118. |
| [41] |
Xia X, Gong Z P. Research advance on the relationship between nitrogen and leguminous nitrogen fixation. Journal of Northeast Agricultural University, 2017, 48(1): 79-88. |
| [42] |
夏玄, 龚振平. 氮素与豆科作物固氮关系研究进展. 东北农业大学学报, 2017, 48(1): 79-88. |
| [43] |
Xu R X, Zhao H M, Liu G B, et al. Effects of nitrogen and maize plant density on forage yield and nitrogen uptake in an alfalfa-silage maize relay intercropping system in the north China Plain. Field Crops Research, 2021, 263: 108068. |
| [44] |
Yu Y, Stomph T J, Makowski D, et al. A meta-analysis of relative crop yields in cereal/legume mixtures suggests options for management. Field Crops Research, 2016, 198: 269-279. |
| [45] |
Hu F L, Zhao C, Feng F X, et al. Improving N management through intercropping alleviates the inhibitory effect of mineral N on nodulation in pea. Plant and Soil, 2017, 412: 235-251. |
| [46] |
Li C J, Dong Y, Li H G, et al. The dynamic process of interspecific interactions of competitive nitrogen capture between intercropped wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and faba bean (Vicia faba L.). PLoS One, 2014, 9(12): e115804. |
| [47] |
Fan F L, Zhang F S, Song Y N, et al. Nitrogen fixation of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) interacting with a non-legume in two contrasting intercropping systems. Plant and Soil, 2006, 283: 275-286. |
| [48] |
Xiao J X, Yin X H, Ren J B, et al. Complementation drives higher growth rate and yield of wheat and saves nitrogen fertilizer in wheat and faba bean intercropping. Field Crops Research, 2018, 221: 119-129. |
| [49] |
Hauggaard-Nielsen H, Gooding M, Ambus P, et al. Pea-barley intercropping for efficient symbiotic N2-fixation, soil N acquisition and use of other nutrients in European organic cropping systems. Field Crops Research, 2009, 113(1): 64-71. |
| [50] |
Feng X Y, Zhang P, Li Y, et al. Effects of nitrogen addition and intercropping patterns on agronomic traits of oats and peas in alpine regions. Pratacultural Science, 2024, 41(3): 718-730. |
| [51] |
冯晓云, 张鹏, 李媛, 高寒区燕麦、豌豆农艺性状对氮添加和间作模式的响应. 草业科学, 2024, 41(3): 718-730. |
| [52] |
Li C J, Stomph T J, Makowski D, et al. The productive performance of intercropping. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2023, 120(2): e2201886120. |
| [53] |
Li C J, Hoffland E, Kuyper T W, et al. Syndromes of production in intercropping impact yield gains. Nature Plants, 2020, 6(6): 653-660. |
| [54] |
Li C J, Li Y Y, Yu C B, et al. Crop nitrogen use and soil mineral nitrogen accumulation under different crop combinations and patterns of strip intercropping in northwest China. Plant and Soil, 2011, 342: 221-231. |
| [55] |
Markham J H, Zekveld C. Nitrogen fixation makes biomass allocation to roots independent of soil nitrogen supply. Canadian Journal of Botany, 2007, 85(9): 787-793. |
青海省科技厅重点研发与转化计划项目(2024-NK-135)
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1602301)
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |