种植翻压光叶紫花苕配合氮肥减施提高烤烟产量和土壤质量
赵文军 , 梁婷 , 王剑松 , 刘魁 , 冯瑜 , 王正旭 , 徐梓荷 , 朱云聪 , 孙蒙猛 , 李湘伟 , 付利波 , 尹梅 , 周国朋 , 陈华 , 曹卫东
草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (10) : 74 -84.
种植翻压光叶紫花苕配合氮肥减施提高烤烟产量和土壤质量
Planting and incorporation of smooth vetch together with reduced nitrogen fertilizer application enhances tobacco yield and soil quality
探讨云南烟区绿肥翻压量配合氮肥减施的效应,以期为烤烟生产的节肥增效提供理论依据和技术途径。基于2017年开始的田间试验,于2022年研究了翻压不同量光叶紫花苕配合减氮15%及30%对烤烟产量和土壤质量的影响。相比冬闲-烤烟常规施肥(F100),22500~30000 kg·hm-2光叶紫花苕翻压量配合减施常规量氮肥15%和30%,烤烟产量提升了4.85%~9.94%(P<0.05)。翻压光叶紫花苕配合减施氮肥改善了土壤养分性状,其中,光叶紫花苕翻压30000 kg·hm-2配合减氮30%处理土壤有机质和可溶性有机氮含量最高,相比F100处理分别提高了28.2%和242.6%(P<0.05)。光叶紫花苕翻压22500和30000 kg·hm-2配合减氮30%处理土壤质量指数相比F100分别提高了49.1%和72.9%(P<0.05)。不同施氮水平下,土壤碳、氮、磷相关水解酶活性随着绿肥翻压量的增加而增加。偏最小二乘路径分析(PLS-PM)和随机森林分析表明,烤烟产量主要受土壤有机质及酶活性的影响。因此,种植翻压绿肥后合理减施氮肥能够提高烤烟产量和土壤质量,其中翻压光叶紫花苕22500~30000 kg·hm-2减施氮肥30%效果突出。
The overall aim of our research was to provide a theoretical basis and technical approach to reduce fertilizer use and improve fertilizer use efficiency during tobacco production in Yunnan. To this end, we conducted an experiment in which different amounts of smooth vetch (Vicia villosa) were incorporated together with reduced application rates of nitrogen fertilizer to tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), and the yield and soil quality were evaluated. The field experiment commenced in 2017, and the impacts of planting and incorporating varying amounts of smooth vetch together with 30% and 15% reductions in the nitrogen fertilizer application rate on tobacco yield and soil quality were evaluated in 2022. Compared with the conventional fertilization practice of fallow-tobacco (control-F100), incorporating 22500 to 30000 kg·ha-1 green manure with a 15% and 30% reduction in the nitrogen fertilizer application rate significantly increased tobacco yield by 4.85%-9.94% (P<0.05). The incorporation of smooth vetch with reduced nitrogen fertilizer application also improved soil nutrient properties. Specifically, the treatment with 30000 kg·ha-1 green manure incorporation and a 30% reduction in the nitrogen fertilizer rate resulted in the highest soil organic matter and soluble organic nitrogen contents, which were increased by 28.2% and 242.6%, respectively, compared with those in the control (P<0.05). Incorporation of smooth vetch at rates of 22500 and 30000 kg·ha-1, in conjunction with a 30% reduction in the nitrogen application rate, increased the soil quality index by 49.1% and 72.9%, respectively, compared with that in the control (P<0.05). Under different nitrogen application levels, the activities of hydrolytic enzymes associated with soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus increased with increasing amounts of incorporated green manure. Partial least squares path modeling and random forest analyses indicated that tobacco yield was primarily influenced by the soil organic matter content and enzyme activity. Therefore, planting and incorporating green manure with the linked reduction of nitrogen fertilizer enhanced both tobacco yield and soil quality, with outstanding effects observed at 22500 to 30000 kg·ha-1 of smooth vetch incorporation with a 30% reduction in nitrogen fertilizer.
烤烟 / 绿肥 / 氮肥减施 / 产量 / 土壤质量 / 土壤酶活性
tobacco / green manure / nitrogen fertilizer reduction / yield / soil quality / soil enzyme activity
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红塔集团科技项目(2022YL02)
国家绿肥产业技术体系项目(CARS-22)
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