伊犁河流域紫花苜蓿干草产量和营养品质对海拔高度的响应
回金峰 , 魏孔钦 , 孙延亮 , 马春晖 , 张前兵
草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (10) : 41 -50.
伊犁河流域紫花苜蓿干草产量和营养品质对海拔高度的响应
Response of alfalfa hay yield and nutritional quality to altitude in the Yili River basin
为了探究不同海拔高度对紫花苜蓿干草产量和营养品质的影响。本研究在伊犁河流域分别选取了1300~1500 m(H1)、900~1100 m(H2)和500~700 m(H3)海拔高度范围内的代表性样地共12个,以阿尔冈金(A1)、巨能7(A2)、WL363HQ(A3)、新牧4号(A4)4个紫花苜蓿品种为研究材料,通过田间测产结合实验室测定紫花苜蓿植株的粗蛋白质(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、相对饲喂价值(RFV)、粗脂肪(EE)、粗灰分(Ash)、全磷含量(TP)、可溶性糖含量(SSC),分析了紫花苜蓿干草产量与各营养指标之间的关系,并通过主成分分析和隶属函数法综合筛选出适宜于优质紫花苜蓿饲料生产的海拔高度和品种。研究结果显示:对于相同品种,紫花苜蓿的CP、EE、RFV、Ash和干草产量(HY)均随海拔高度的降低呈逐渐增高的趋势,NDF、ADF、SSC均随海拔高度下降呈降低的趋势。在相同海拔高度条件下,紫花苜蓿的RFV、TP、SSC、HY均为A3显著高于其他品种,且A3的NDF、ADF含量最低。皮尔逊相关性分析表明:紫花苜蓿的干草产量与CP、RFV、TP呈显著正相关(P<0.05),但与NDF、ADF呈极显著负相关(P<0.01);CP与TP、EE、RFV、SSC呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。基于主成分和隶属函数分析综合排名前3位的分别是A3H3、A3H1和A3H2。相对于高海拔区域,伊犁河流域低海拔区域对紫花苜蓿产量和营养品质具有一定的提升作用;适宜在伊犁河流域各海拔高度下推广种植的品种为A3。
To investigate the effects of altitude on the yield and nutritional quality of alfalfa (Medicago sativa), we planted four alfalfa varieties in 12 representative plots in the altitude ranges of 1300-1500 m (H1), 900-1100 m (H2) and 500-700 m (H3) in the Yili River basin, and monitored their growth. Four alfalfa varieties were included in this experiment, namely Algonquin (A1), Magnum Ⅶ(A2), WL363HQ (A3), and Xinmu 4 (A4). After harvest, the alfalfa plants were analyzed to determine the contents of crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF), the relative feeding value (RFV), ether extract (EE), crude ash (Ash), total phosphorus content (TP) and soluble sugars content (SSC), and the field hay yield (HY). The relationship between HY and nutritional indexes of alfalfa was analyzed, and the altitude and varieties suitable for high quality alfalfa feed production were selected based on the results of principal component analysis and membership function analysis. The results show that the CP, EE, RFV, Ash, and HY of alfalfa gradually increased as the altitude decreased, whereas NDF, ADF, and SSC gradually decreased as the altitude decreased. At the same altitude, the RFV, TP, SSC, and HY were significantly higher for A3 than for the other three alfalfa varieties, and the NDF and ADF contents were lowest in A3. Pearson’s correlation analyses showed that the HY of alfalfa was positively correlated with CP, RFV, and TP (P<0.05), but negatively correlated with NDF and ADF (P<0.01). The CP was positively correlated with TP, EE, RFV, and SSC (P<0.05). Based on the results of the principal component and membership function analyses, the best performance was observed in A3 grown at 500-700 m, followed by A3 grown at 1300-1500 m, and then A3 grown at 900-1100 m. In conclusion, the yield and nutritional quality of alfalfa plants grown at lower altitudes were superior to those of alfalfa plants grown at higher altitudes in the Yili River basin. Alfalfa variety WL363HQ, coded A3 in this research,can be recommended as suitable for planting at various altitudes in the Yili River basin.
伊犁河流域 / 海拔高度 / 紫花苜蓿 / 干草产量 / 营养品质
Yili River basin / altitude / alfalfa / hay yield / nutritional quality
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国家重大科技专项第三次新疆综合科学考察项目(2022xjkk0502)
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