不同施肥和混播条件下高寒受损煤矿区人工草地生态系统健康评价研究
李婷 , 杨鑫光 , 段成伟 , 孙华方 , 高涛 , 陈同德 , 杨凯 , 杨千慧
草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (10) : 16 -29.
不同施肥和混播条件下高寒受损煤矿区人工草地生态系统健康评价研究
An investigation into the health of synthetic grassland ecosystems in high-alpine regions under varied fertilization and mixed planting circumstances recovering from coal mining damage
高寒受损煤矿区生态系统恢复是世界性难题之一,通过优选恢复措施开展推广应用,对于保障矿区生态系统稳定具有重要意义。本研究通过设置禾本科(同德短芒披碱草、青海冷地早熟禾、青海草地早熟禾、中华羊茅)、豆科(花苜蓿、黄花草木樨、紫花苜蓿)、禾本科+豆科3种播种方式,按照羊板粪和渣土不同比例设置重施肥(1∶5)、中施肥(1∶8)、轻施肥(1∶11)、不施肥4种施肥水平(12种处理),同时选择草地生态系统健康评价模型OCVOR,定量判断不同恢复措施、不同恢复年限下的植被生长、土壤性质变化及生态系统健康状况。结果表明:随着恢复年限的增加,禾本科+豆科草地在重施肥和中施肥水平下(HBF1、HBF2)有利于植被盖度和地上生物量稳定;3种播种方式下土壤有机碳、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量均表现为先上升、后下降趋势;恢复第3年,随着施肥量的增加,土壤有机碳和碱解氮含量逐步增加(P<0.05),而速效磷和速效钾含量变化规律不明显。随着恢复年限的增加,禾本科草地在重施肥、中施肥、轻施肥下(HF1、HF2、HF3),豆科草地在重施肥下(BF1)OCVOR指数显著增加(P<0.05),禾本科+豆科草地在重施肥、中施肥、轻施肥下(HBF1、HBF2、HBF3)OCVOR指数极显著增加(P<0.01);除BF1外,HF1、HF2、HF3、HBF1、HBF2、HBF3处理下生态系统健康程度和恢复效果均表现为不健康、一般,与恢复1年相比,恢复3年后6种处理下的OCVOR指数分别增加了28.61%、33.03%、11.46%、38.96%、33.79%、9.83%,其中增幅最大的为HBF1。综合来看,禾本科+豆科混播在重施肥处理下(HBF1)更有利于木里矿区生态系统健康稳定。
The restoration of ecosystems in damaged alpine coal mining areas is a global problem. It is important to ensure the stability of ecosystems in mining areas by optimizing restoration measures. In this study, three sowing methods were implemented, namely: i) revegetation by sowing four gramineous species (Elymus breviaristatus, Poa crymophila, Poa pratensis, Festuca sinensis; gramineous grasslands, designated H), ii) sowing three Fabaceae species (Medicago ruthenica, Melilotus officinalis, Medicago sativa; leguminous grassland, designated B), and iii) sowing four Poaceae and three Fabaceae species (gramineous and leguminous grasslands, designated HB). Additionally, utilizing different proportions of sheep manure and slag soil, four fertilization levels were implemented, namely (sheep manure : slag soil) heavy fertilization (1∶5, F1), medium fertilization (1∶8, F2), light fertilization (1∶11, F3), and no fertilization (F4). Hence, 12 different restoration treatments were generated by factorial combination of these three sowing and four fertilizing methods. The variation in herbage growth and soil properties under the different restoration treatments was evaluated and compared over a number of years. The ecosystem health evaluation was quantitatively judged by using the grassland ecosystem health assessment model OCVOR. The results showed that vegetation cover and aboveground biomass were optimized by the mixed sowing of Poaceae and Fabaceae under the heavy and medium fertilization levels (HBF1, HBF2) and increased with time from establishment. Levels of soil organic carbon, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium were all substantially higher on the restoration plots after two years of restoration than after one year, but after three years had declined again to levels similar to those measured after one year. In the third year of restoration, the levels of soil organic carbon and available nitrogen were progressively increased (P<0.05) with increased fertilization level, while the law of changes in available phosphorus and available potassium were not significant. The OCVOR index of gramineous grassland under the heavy, medium, and light fertilization (HF1, HF2, HF3), and also of the leguminous grassland under the heavy fertilization (BF1) increased significantly (P<0.05) with the years of restoration. Additionally, the OCVOR index of gramineous and leguminous grassland increased significantly under the heavy, medium and light fertilization (HBF1, HBF2, HBF3) (P<0.01) over time. Except for the treatment BF1, the ecosystem health status and recovery under the treatments HF1, HF2, HF3, HBF1, HBF2 and HBF3 were determined to be unhealthy. Corresponding to these evaluation results, the OCVOR index under the same six treatments increased by 28.61%, 33.03%, 11.46%, 38.96%, 33.79% and 9.83%, respectively, after 3 years of restoration, compared to the first year of restoration. Moreover, the biggest increases were seen under the HBF1 treatment. Overall, the treatment comprising mixed sowing of Poaceae and Fabaceae under the heavy fertilization level (HBF1) was found to be most conducive to the health and stability of the ecosystem in the Muli mining area.
high cold mining areas / artificial grassland / ecosystem / health evaluation
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青海省科技特派员专项(2025-NK-P02)
青海省青海民族大学理工类科学研究项目(2024XJMD07)
全球大气本底与青藏高原大数据应用中心-青海省2024年创新平台建设专项项目(2024-SF-J10)
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