松针精油对构树青贮品质及有氧稳定性的影响
Effects of pine needle essential oil on the quality and aerobic stability of Broussonetia papyrifera silage
本研究旨在明确松针精油对构树青贮品质及有氧稳定性的影响,为构树青贮加工利用提供理论支撑。试验采用单因素设计,分为4组,试验组分别在每kg构树青贮中添加160(Ⅰ组)、320(Ⅱ组)和480 mg(Ⅲ组)松针精油,并设置自然发酵组作为对照组(CK组)。在青贮的第3、7、15、30和60天取样,分析其营养成分、发酵品质及微生物数量,并取60 d样品分析其有氧稳定性。结果表明:青贮3 d,Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组可溶性碳水化合物(WSC)含量、乳酸(LA)和乙酸(AA)浓度显著高于CK组(P<0.05),pH、氨态氮/总氮(NH3-N/TN)、丙酸(PA)浓度和霉菌数量显著低于CK组(P<0.05),Ⅱ和Ⅲ组乳酸菌和酵母菌数量与CK组间差异显著(P<0.05)。青贮7 d,Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组乳酸、乙酸浓度和乳酸菌数量显著高于CK组(P<0.05),pH、NH3-N/TN、丙酸浓度、酵母菌和霉菌数量显著低于CK组(P<0.05),Ⅱ和Ⅲ组干物质(DM)和WSC含量显著高于CK组(P<0.05)。青贮15 d,Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组粗蛋白(CP)、WSC含量、乳酸、乙酸浓度和乳酸菌数量显著高于CK组(P<0.05),pH、NH3-N/TN、丙酸浓度、酵母菌和霉菌数量显著低于CK组(P<0.05)。青贮30 d,Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组WSC含量、乳酸、乙酸浓度和乳酸菌数量显著高于CK组(P<0.05),pH、NH3-N/TN、丙酸浓度、酵母菌数量显著低于CK组(P<0.05)。青贮60 d,Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组CP、WSC含量、乳酸、乙酸浓度和乳酸菌数量显著高于CK组(P<0.05),pH、NH3-N/TN、丙酸浓度和酵母菌数量显著低于CK组(P<0.05),Ⅱ和Ⅲ组的有氧稳定性显著高于CK和Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。综上所述,松针精油可以减少构树青贮中CP和WSC损失,提高乳酸、乙酸浓度和乳酸菌数量,降低pH,抑制霉菌繁殖;同时能显著提高构树青贮的有氧稳定性。以480 mg·kg-1添加量改善效果为最佳。
This study aimed to elucidate the effects of pine needle (Pinus) essential oil on the quality and aerobic stability of Broussonetia papyrifera silage, and thereby provide technical data to facilitate its processing and utilization. B. papyrifera was fermented spontaneously with no addition of pine needle oil (CK), or with addition of 160 mg·kg-1 (Ⅰ), 320 mg·kg-1 (Ⅱ) or 480 mg·kg-1 (Ⅲ) pine needle oil in a single-factor experiment. Various parameters, including the nutritional composition, fermentation quality and microbial count of the B. papyrifera silage were evaluated throughout the ensiling process (3, 7, 15, 30 and 60 days). Additionally, aerobic stability was assessed at 60 days. It was found that on day 3 of ensiling, the water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content, lactic acid (LA) concentration, and acetic acid (AA) concentrations in groups Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ were significantly higher than those of CK (P<0.05). Conversely, pH level, ammonia nitrogen∶total nitrogen (NH3-N∶TN), propionic acid (PA) concentration, and mold count were significantly lower in the treated silages than in CK (P<0.05). Lactic acid bacteria counts and yeast counts in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ differed significantly from those of CK (P<0.05). On day 7 of ensiling, lactate concentration, acetic acid concentration, and lactic acid bacteria count in groups Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ were significantly higher than those in the CK group (P<0.05). In contrast, pH level, NH3-N∶TN, PA concentration, yeast counts and mold counts on day 7 were significantly lower in these groups than in CK (P<0.05). Additionally, the dry matter (DM) content and WSC content in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were also significantly higher than those observed in CK (P<0.05). On day 15, the crude protein (CP) content, WSC content, lactate concentration, acetic acid concentration and lactic acid bacteria count in groups Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ were significantly higher than in CK (P<0.05). Conversely, pH level, NH3-N∶TN, PA concentration, yeast count and mold count in groups Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ were significantly lower than in CK (P<0.05). On day 30, the WSC contents, lactate concentrations, acetic acid concentrations, and lactic acid bacteria counts in groups I, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ were significantly elevated compared to CK (P<0.05). Conversely, there was a significant reduction in the pH level, NH3-N∶TN, PA concentration, and yeast counts compared to the CK (P<0.05). On day 60, the CP content, WSC content, lactic acid concentration, acetic acid concentration, and lactic acid bacteria counts in groups I, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ were significantly higher than in CK (P<0.05). As earlier, pH level, NH3-N∶TN, PA concentration, and yeast counts were significantly decreased compared with the CK (P<0.05). The aerobic stability of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ was notably superior to that of both group I and CK (P<0.05). In summary, pine needle essential oil effectively reduced the loss of CP and WSC during silage production. It increased lactate concentration, acetic acid concentration, and lactic acid bacteria count, while lowering pH level, and inhibiting mold proliferation. Furthermore, it significantly improved the aerobic stability of B. papyrifera silage. The addition of 480 mg·kg-1 produced the most pronounced silage fermentation improvement effect.
松针精油 / 构树青贮 / 营养成分 / 发酵品质 / 有氧稳定性
pine needle essential oil / Broussonetia papyrifera silage / nutrient composition / fermentation quality / aerobic stability
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南疆重点产业创新发展支撑计划项目(2022DB017)
财政部和农业农村部-国家牧草体系项目(CARS-34)
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