灌丛化对荒漠草原猪毛蒿群落物种生态位和种间联结性的影响
刘泽华 , 陈林 , 张雅琪 , 龙进潇 , 李学斌 , 庞丹波
草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (10) : 1 -15.
灌丛化对荒漠草原猪毛蒿群落物种生态位和种间联结性的影响
The impact of shrub encroachment on species niches and interspecific associations of the Artemisia scoparia community in desert grassland
为探究灌丛化对猪毛蒿群落物种生态位和种间联结性的影响,选取荒漠草原中沙冬青灌丛化样地开展植被调查。采用生态位宽度、生态位重叠、去趋势对应分析(DCA)、方差比率、χ2检验、联结系数(AC)、匹配系数(OI)和Spearman秩相关检验方法对猪毛蒿群落物种进行生态位和种间联结性的相关分析。结果表明:猪毛蒿群落包含草本植物17种,半灌木植物3种,主要以禾本科和豆科植物为主,群落组成复杂;灌丛化导致猪毛蒿群落物种重要值和生态位宽度发生变化,其中随着灌丛化程度的降低,猪毛蒿的重要值和生态位宽度逐渐提高;中度灌丛化样地中猪毛蒿和多数物种表现出更高的生态位重叠,尤其与猪毛菜之间的生态位重叠值为0.87,表明两者在资源需求上具有较高的相似性;DCA排序结果表明在重度、中度和轻度灌丛化样地中,物种分布呈明显聚类现象,猪毛蒿和较多物种占有相似的生态位,而未灌丛化样地中物种分布较为松散;重度、中度、轻度灌丛化和未灌丛化样地猪毛蒿群落总体联结性分别表现为不显著负联结、不显著正联结、不显著负联结和不显著负联结;χ2检验、联结系数(AC)、匹配系数(OI)和Spearman秩相关检验结果和总体联结性结果一致,物种间联结关系相对松散,独立程度较低,群落结构尚不成熟。综上,灌丛化会改变荒漠草原猪毛蒿群落物种生态位和种间联结性,导致猪毛蒿群落处于不稳定状态。在灌丛化草地生态系统恢复过程中,建议选择和猪毛蒿等优势物种呈正联结关系的组合,以形成更为稳定的群落结构,从而增强草地的生态稳定性和恢复性。
The impact of shrub encroachment on species niches and interspecific associations within the Artemisia scoparia community was investigated through vegetation surveys conducted in typical Ammopiptanthus mongolicus shrub-encroached sites in desert grasslands. Species niches and interspecific associations within the A. scoparia community were analyzed using niche width, niche overlap, detrended correspondence analysis (DCA), variance ratio, chi-square testing, association coefficient (AC), Ochiai (OI) and Spearman rank correlation methods. The results reveal an A. scoparia community consisting of 17 herbaceous species and 3 semi-shrub species, predominantly from the Poaceae and Fabaceae families, highlighting the complexity of the community composition. The importance value and niche width of the A. scoparia community exhibited significant changes with both parameters gradually increasing as the degree of shrub encroachment decreased. In plots with moderate shrub cover, A. scoparia displays a high niche overlap with most species, particularly with Salsola collina (0.87), suggesting a strong similarity in their resource requirements. The DCA ordination results indicate clear clustering of species distributions in the plots, while the species distribution in less encroached plots is relatively more dispersed. No significant positive or negative associations were observed in the communities of heavy shrub, moderate shrub, light shrub, and shrub-free grasslands. The results of the chi-square testing, AC, OI and Spearman rank correlation analysis were consistent, reinforcing the overall pattern of weak species associations, low independence and an immature community structure. In conclusion, shrub encroachment alters the species niches and interspecific associations within the A. scoparia community in desert steppe ecosystems, contributing to the instability of the community. During ecosystem restoration efforts, it is recommended to select species combinations that exhibit positive associations with dominant species such as A. scoparia, thereby fostering a more stable community structure. This approach will enhance the ecological stability and recovery of the grassland.
shrub encroachment / Artemisia scoparia community / niche / interspecific association
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国家自然科学基金项目(32360423)
宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2023BEG02049)
宁夏自然科学基金创新群体项目(2024AAC01004)
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