不同水平紫玉米花青素提取物对肉牛体外产气和瘤胃发酵的影响
卢琦 , 覃继肖 , 班一鸣 , 高成成 , 杨蓉 , 李培瑶 , 许一清 , 谢双龙 , 陈睿 , 周迪 , 田兴舟
草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (10) : 202 -212.
不同水平紫玉米花青素提取物对肉牛体外产气和瘤胃发酵的影响
Effect of different levels of purple maize anthocyanin extract on in vitro gas production and rumen fermentation in beef cattle
为研究紫玉米花青素提取物对肉牛体外产气和瘤胃发酵的影响,采用完全随机试验设计,在底物中添加0、0.2%、0.4%、0.6%和0.8%的紫玉米花青素提取物,测定总产气量、动力学参数、挥发性脂肪酸、甲烷产量、纤维素酶活性及营养物质降解率等瘤胃发酵参数。结果表明:1)发酵72 h后,对照组总产气量显著高于0.6%花青素组(P<0.05)。2)对快速发酵部分的产气量,0.4%花青素组显著高于对照组(P<0.05);产气速率随花青素添加水平的增加呈线性和二次曲线降低(P<0.05),且对照组显著高于其他4个花青素组(P<0.05)。3)乙酸和丁酸含量随花青素添加水平的增加均呈线性和二次曲线下降(P<0.05),且对照组均显著高于0.4%、0.6%和0.8%花青素组(P<0.05);丙酸含量随花青素添加水平的增加呈线性和二次曲线上升(P<0.05),且对照组均显著低于花青素组(P<0.05);乙酸/丙酸和甲烷产量均随花青素添加水平的增加呈线性或二次曲线降低(P<0.05),且花青素组均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。4)羧甲基纤维素酶和纤维二糖酶在12 h随花青素添加水平的增加均呈线性和二次曲线升高(P<0.05),且0.8%花青素组显著高于其他4组(P<0.05);同时,0.2%、0.4%、0.6%花青素组木聚糖酶在24 h显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。5)蛋白质降解率和酸性洗涤纤维降解率随花青素添加水平的增加均呈线性和二次曲线升高(P<0.05),且花青素组蛋白质降解率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。综上可知,紫玉米花青素提取物可改善肉牛瘤胃发酵模式,提高丙酸含量、纤维素酶活性及营养物质降解率,降低瘤胃甲烷产量。本试验条件下,在肉牛饲粮中添加紫玉米花青素提取物适宜水平是0.4%。
The object of this study was to investigate the effect of purple maize anthocyanin extract on in vitro gas production and rumen fermentation in beef cattle. A completely randomized design was used. Levels of 0, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, and 0.8% purple maize anthocyanin extract were added to the substrate, and total gas production, gas production kinetic parameters, volatile fatty acid, methane production, cellulase activity, and nutrient degradation rate were measured. It was found that: 1) Total gas production after fermentation for 72 h tended to be reduced where anthocyanin was added, and gas production at 72 h for the 0.6% anthocyanin group was significantly lower (P<0.05) than that of the control group. 2) By contrast, gas production from the immediately soluble fraction tended to be higher with anthocyanin present and was significantly higher (P<0.05) in the 0.4% anthocyanin group than in the control group. The gas production rate constant decreased with increase in the purple maize anthocyanin extract supplemental level, and the control group was significantly higher (P<0.05) than the other four anthocyanin groups, and the curve defining the trend across anthocyanin levels had both linear and quadratic significant (P<0.05) terms. 3) The contents of acetic and butyric acid at 24 h decreased with increase in added anthocyanin, with significant (P<0.05) linear and quadratic terms for the fitted curve. Accordingly, the contents of acetic and butyric acids in the control group were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those of the 0.4%, 0.6%, and 0.8% anthocyanin groups. In contrast, the content of propionic acid increased with increase in supplemental purple maize anthocyanin extract, with both linear and quadratic terms of the fitted curve being significant (P<0.05), and accordingly, the content of propionic acid in the control group was significantly lower (P<0.05) than other anthocyanin groups. The acetic:propionic acid ratio and methane production both decreased with increase in the level of anthocyanin extract and in both cases the fitted curve had significant (P<0.05) linear and quadratic terms. Accordingly, acetic:propionic acid ratio and methane production in the anthocyanin groups were significantly lower (P<0.05) than that of the control group. 4) At 12 h fermentation time, carboxymethyl cellulose and cellobiase were increased with increase in the supplemental anthocyanin extract level and both linear and quadratic terms were significant (P<0.05). Accordingly carboxymethyl cellulose and cellobiase levels in the 0.8% anthocyanin group were significantly higher (P<0.05) than in the other four groups. Meanwhile, the values of xylanase in the 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.6% anthocyanin groups were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those in the control group at 24 h fermentation time. 5) Both crude protein degradation rate and acid detergent fiber degradation rate increased with increase in supplemental anthocyanin extract level, and linear and quadratic terms of the fitted curves were significant (P<0.05) increasing. Accordingly, the crude protein degradation rate in the anthocyanin groups was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that of the control group. Taken together, purple maize anthocyanin extract had the ability to improve rumen fermentation mode, increase propionic acid, cellulase activity, and nutrient degradation rate, and decrease methane production of beef cattle. Under the conditions of this experiment, the optimal purple maize anthocyanin extract level was 0.4%.
anthocyanins / in vitro gas production / rumen fermentation / beef cattle
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国家自然科学基金项目(32260849)
国家自然科学基金项目(32302779)
贵州省农业农村厅项目(关岭牛优异种质资源的发掘与利用
黔财农[2024]号),贵州省科技厅科技支撑计划项目(黔科合支撑[2022]重点033),贵州省基础研究计划(自然科学)青年引导项目(黔科合基础-[2024]青年106),贵州省教育厅高等学校自然科学研究项目青年科技人才成长项目(黔教技[2024]33号)
贵州大学基础研究项目(贵大基础[2023]16号)
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