降水变化下荒漠草原优势植物功能性状对生物量分配的调节机制
马蓉 , 李俊瑶 , 岳平 , 马旭君 , 白珍 , 庄玲 , 白敬 , 赵学勇 , 王少昆
草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (11) : 31 -39.
降水变化下荒漠草原优势植物功能性状对生物量分配的调节机制
Regulatory mechanisms of biomass allocation governed by functional traits of dominant plants in desert steppe under precipitation changes
植物功能性状是决定植物生长和生存的关键特征,其在植物生物量分配中的作用对植物的环境适应性具有重要意义。通过控制试验研究降水变化对乌拉特荒漠草原优势植物沙生针茅和碱韭功能性状及生物量分配的影响,系统测定了不同降水处理下(减少50%降水、自然降水、增加50%降水)沙生针茅和碱韭的根系功能性状(比根长、根组织密度和比根面积)、叶片功能性状(比叶面积、叶干物质含量和叶组织密度)、地上生物量、地下生物量及根冠比。结果显示:1)碱韭的比叶面积随着降水减少显著增大,而沙生针茅的根、叶功能性状对降水变化的响应不显著。2)在减少50%降水时,碱韭地上生物量显著减少,地下生物量未发生显著变化,但根冠比显著高于自然降水;而在增加50%降水时,碱韭的地上地下生物量均无显著变化。在不同降水条件下,沙生针茅地上、地下生物量及根冠比均无显著变化。3)降水变化通过调节土壤电导率间接影响沙生针茅的生物量分配,通过调节比叶面积间接影响碱韭的生物量分配。研究结果为荒漠草原典型植物在降水变化下的生物量分配调节机制提供了理论依据。
Plant functional traits are key characteristics determining plant growth and survival. The pattern of biomass allocation in plants is crucial for their ecological adaptability to varying environmental conditions. This study investigated the effects of precipitation changes on the functional traits and biomass allocation of Stipa caucasica and Allium polyrhizum, two dominant plant species in the Urat Desert steppe, through controlled simulation experiments. Root functional traits (specific root length, root tissue density, and specific root area), leaf functional traits (specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, and leaf tissue density), aboveground biomass, belowground biomass, and root∶shoot ratio were systematically measured under three precipitation treatments (50% decrease in precipitation, natural precipitation, and 50% increase in precipitation). The results showed that: 1) The specific leaf area of A. polyrhizum increased significantly under reduced precipitation, whereas the root and leaf functional traits of S. caucasica showed no significant response to precipitation changes. 2) Under a 50% reduction in precipitation, the aboveground biomass of A. polyrhizum decreased significantly, while its belowground biomass showed no significant change. However, the root∶shoot ratio was significantly higher than that under natural precipitation. In contrast, under a 50% increase in precipitation, both the aboveground and belowground biomass of A. polyrhizum remained unchanged. For S. caucasica, no significant changes in aboveground biomass, belowground biomass, or root∶shoot ratio were observed under the three tested precipitation regimess. 3) Precipitation changes indirectly affected the biomass allocationof S. caucasica by modifying soil electrical conductivity, while they influenced the biomass allocation of A. polyrhizum through the modulation of specific leaf area. The findings provide theoretical insights into the mechanisms of biomass allocation regulation in typical desert steppe plants under reduced, normal or increased precipitation conditions.
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