自主选育苇状羊茅新品种耐热及热后恢复能力评价
孙诗炫 , 王群森 , 杨志民 , 范宁丽 , 郝田 , 刘南清 , 于景金
草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (11) : 184 -194.
自主选育苇状羊茅新品种耐热及热后恢复能力评价
Evaluation of heat tolerance and post-heat recovery capacity of new varieties of tall fescue
选育能够耐受夏季高温高湿的苇状羊茅是气候过渡带地区延长牧草青绿期、满足草牧业可持续发展的重要途径之一。本研究以前期通过杂交育种自主培育的3份多分蘖牧草型苇状羊茅新品种“南牧1号”“南牧2号”“南牧3号”为试验材料,以生产上广泛使用的商业品种飞度(Fit)为对照,利用人工气候室开展环境因素控制试验模拟热胁迫,探究热胁迫(38 ℃/33 ℃,日/夜)及热后恢复条件下各份材料的生理、生长及营养成分的变化。结果表明,热胁迫使4份材料的电解质渗漏率(EL)上升,叶片相对含水量(RWC)、叶绿素含量(Chl)、净光合速率(Pn)下降,但3个新品种相比于对照品种均显著抑制了EL的上升及RWC、Chl和Pn的下降,说明新品种的耐热能力优于对照品种,且同时具有较好的热后恢复能力。在产量和品质方面,3个新品种的分蘖多、叶量丰富、茎叶比低、适口性好、粗蛋白含量高、品质佳,其中“南牧2号”品质最优。综上可知,3个新品种均是耐热、分蘖多、叶量丰富的高产优质牧草,能够在江苏等气候过渡带地区种植栽培。
Breeding tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) with summer high temperature- and humidity-tolerance is one of the available strategies for extending the growing season of forage grasses and meeting requirements for the sustainable development of grassland-based animal husbandry in climate transition zones of China. In this study, three new strongly-tillering forage-type tall fescue varieties, Nanmu NO.1, Nanmu NO.2, and Nanmu NO.3 independently developed through cross-breeding, were evaluated, and compared with the widely used commercial variety, Fit, as the control. Experiments were conducted in an artificial climate chamber to simulate heat stress and investigate the changes in physiological, growth and nutritional traits of each variety under environmental heat stress (38 ℃/33 ℃, day/night) and post-heat recovery conditions. The results indicated that heat stress led to an increase in electrolyte leakage (EL) and a decrease in relative leaf water content (RWC), chlorophyll (Chl) content, and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) for all varieties. However, compared with Fit, the three new varieties displayed significantly reduced EL and a smaller decrease in RWC, Chl, and Pn, indicating that the new varieties had superior heat tolerance and post-heat recovery ability than Fit. The three new varieties were characterized by high tiller and leaf numbers, low stem∶leaf ratio, good palatability, high crude protein content, and excellent quality. Among the tested varieties, Nanmu NO. 2 was the best. In conclusion, the three new varieties evaluated were all found to be heat-tolerant, high-yielding, high-quality forage grasses characterized by a strong tillering capacity and leaf production. They are suitable for sowing in climatic transition zones such as Jiangsu and other similar regions.
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长三角地区四季常绿草新品种选育项目(ZA32303)
江苏省优良抗逆生态修复草坪草种质创新及应用(JBGS(2021)096)
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