玉米秸秆与毛豆茎叶混合比例对青贮发酵品质和微生物群落的影响
韦竣玲 , 刘晓琪 , 王宛青 , 邓铭 , 孙宝丽 , 郭勇庆
草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (12) : 111 -120.
玉米秸秆与毛豆茎叶混合比例对青贮发酵品质和微生物群落的影响
Effect of the mix-ratio of corn stalk and edamame stems/leaves and added cellulase on the fermentation quality and microbial community of silage
为了研究不同比例玉米秸秆与毛豆茎叶混贮及添加纤维素酶对青贮品质和微生物多样性的影响,本试验以玉米秸秆和毛豆茎叶为原料,按照鲜重质量比1∶0、3∶1、1∶1(分别用10、31、11表示)混合青贮,各混合比例设空白对照组(CS)和纤维素酶组[CS(c),添加量为0.1%],青贮80 d后进行感官评定,分析其营养成分、发酵品质和微生物多样性。结果表明,玉米秸秆和毛豆茎叶混合青贮比例为3∶1时的感官评价优于其余两个比例。随着毛豆茎叶比例的增加,混合青贮的pH、氨态氮(NH3-N)及粗蛋白(CP)含量显著升高(P<0.05),而水溶性碳水化合物(WSC)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量显著降低(P<0.05),乳酸(LA)含量呈先升高后下降趋势。当混合青贮比例为3∶1时,乳酸含量最高。在相同混合比例条件下,添加纤维素酶对青贮的发酵参数无显著影响(P>0.05),但有降低ADF含量的趋势(P=0.07)。此外,毛豆茎叶增加了混合青贮厚壁菌门和乳杆菌属的相对丰度,减少了变形菌门的相对丰度。玉米秸秆和毛豆茎叶按3∶1混合青贮品质优于其他比例,添加纤维素酶可以改善混合青贮的发酵品质。
The effects of cellulase on silage quality and microbial diversity of corn (Zea mays) stalk and edamame (Glycine max) stems and leaves were investigated. The ratios of corn stalk and edamame stems and leaves by weight were 1∶0, 3∶1, and 1∶1 (10, 31, 11). Each mixture ratio was divided into a control group (CS) and a cellulase group [CS(c), adding 0.1%]. The nutrient composition, fermentation quality and microbial diversity of silage was evaluated after 80 days. It was found that the 3∶1 mix-ratio of corn stalk and edamame stems and leaves resulted in better silage quality than the other two mix-ratios. As the proportion of edamame stems and leaves increased, the pH, ammonia nitrogen content, and crude protein content of the mixed silage significantly increased (P<0.05), while the water-soluble carbohydrate, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were significantly decreased (P<0.05). The lactic acid content was higher for CS31 than for CS10 or CS11. The addition of cellulase had no significant effect on the fermentation parameters of silage at a given mix-ratio (P>0.05), but tended to reduce the ADF content (P=0.07). Furthermore, the addition of edamame stems and leaves increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Lactobacillus while reducing the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in the mixed silage. In conclusion, the mixed silage CS31, with a 3∶1 of corn stalk to edamame stems and leaves exhibited superior quality compared to other ratios, and the addition of cellulase improved the fermentation quality of the mixed silage.
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广东省现代农业产业技术体系南方现代草牧业(羊)产业创新团队-饲料资源开发与利用岗位专家项目(2023KI127)
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