菊科入侵植物与本地植物叶片性状的差异
刘婷婷 , 李金升 , 林健骅 , 张丹丹 , 江文宇 , 朱徐睿 , 张震
草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (12) : 134 -144.
菊科入侵植物与本地植物叶片性状的差异
Differences in leaf traits between invasive and native species of Asteraceae
鉴于入侵植物对本地植物群落结构和组成的改变及其对生物多样性的负面影响,本文旨在探讨菊科入侵植物与本地植物在叶片解剖结构与生理化学性状上的差异及其两者间的关系,以入侵植物加拿大一枝黄花、苦苣菜、一年蓬以及本地植物翅果菊、刺儿菜为试验材料测定其叶片解剖结构与生理化学性状。结果表明:入侵植物的平均角质层厚度、栅海比以及组织结构紧密度均显著高于本地植物,这说明入侵植物相较于本地植物展现出更优越的水分保持能力以及逆境适应性。而且入侵植物在光合作用能力以及养分获取能力上比本地植物更具潜在的优势,具体表现为入侵植物较高的叶绿素含量、比叶面积以及全氮含量。此外,根据冗余分析结果可知二者的叶片解剖结构与其生理化学性状之间均存在着一定的联系,即叶片厚度的增加通常意味着更多的光照被吸收,进而提高叶片的光合效率。因此,正是由于这些特征导致外来植物成功入侵并进一步扩散。
Given the changes in the structure and composition of native plant communities caused by invasive species, along with their detrimental effects on biodiversity, this paper aims to investigate the differences in leaf anatomical structures and physiological and chemical traits between invasive plants and native plants of the Asteraceae family. The invasive species Solidago canadensis, Sonchus oleraceus, Erigeron annuus and the native species Lactuca indica, Cirsium setosum were selected as representative species to determine if there are systematic leaf anatomical structure and physiological and chemical trait differences between invasive and native Asteraceae species. The results indicated that invasive plants exhibited a higher average cuticle thickness, palisade-sponge ratio, and cell tightness ratio compared to native plants. This suggests that invasive plants possess superior water retention ability and stress adaptability, compared to their native species counterparts. Furthermore, invasive species exhibit greater potential for photosynthesis and nutrient acquisition compared to native species, as evidenced by higher chlorophyll content, specific leaf area, and total nitrogen content than the native Asteraceae species. In addition, the results of redundancy analysis reveal a significant relationship between the anatomical structure of leaves and their physiological and chemical traits. Specifically, an increase in leaf thickness generally indicates greater light absorption, which enhances the photosynthetic efficiency of the leaves. Consequently, it is these advantageous characteristics that have enabled the invasive species to proliferate and colonize successfully.
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国家自然科学基金(31772235)
植被与环境变化国家重点实验室项目(LVEC-2022kf01)
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