基于SSR标记的寡穗茅群体遗传多样性和群体遗传结构分析
富贵 , 刘玉萍 , 苏旭 , 曲荣举 , 才让扎西null
草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (12) : 170 -182.
基于SSR标记的寡穗茅群体遗传多样性和群体遗传结构分析
Population genetic diversity and genetic structure analysis of Littledalea przevalskyi based on SSR molecular marker
寡穗茅为分布于青藏高原的一种具有重要生态和经济价值的禾本科草本植物,为探明寡穗茅群体遗传多样性、遗传结构和物种分布格局,本研究基于15对简单重复序列(SSR)引物对21个不同地区的寡穗茅居群遗传多样性及遗传结构进行了研究。结果表明:15对SSR引物共扩增出等位基因数目(Na)为147个,平均每对引物扩增出9.8个等位基因,平均有效等位基因数(Ne)为5.418、Shannon’s 信息指数(I)平均值为1.808、期望杂合度(He)平均值为0.791、观测杂合度(Ho)平均值为0.882、Nei’s遗传多样性指数(H)为0.785,15对引物多态性信息含量为0.530~0.900,平均值为0.756;基于物种水平的遗传多样性结果显示,21个居群共扩增出15个多态性位点,平均多态性位点为13.57,Na、Ne、I、He、Ho和H平均值分别为3.299、2.806、1.028、0.717、0.841和0.598;居群遗传分化系数(Fst)和基因流(Nm)分析结果显示,寡穗茅居群间存在一定程度的遗传分化;分子方差分析(AMOVA)发现,居群间遗传变异为33%,居群内的遗传变异为67%;综合聚类分析、主成分分析及遗传结构分析发现,21个不同分布区样本基因型存在明显的差异,依据样本地理来源,21个居群样本大致可分为以玛多、玛沁、曲麻莱东南部、玉树和类乌齐为主的东南部种群(第I亚群),以格尔木、曲麻莱西北部和称多为主的西北部种群(第Ⅱ亚群);Mantel检验显示,不同居群遗传距离和地理距离之间显著相关(r=0.412;P<0.001),不同居群之间遗传分化可能和地理阻碍有关。该研究结果为探明扇穗茅属物种系统发育关系、物种界定、种质资源评价、野生资源保护及利用等提供了理论基础。
Littledalea przevalskyi is a member of the grass family (Poaceae) with significant ecological and economic value and with a geographic distribution including Inner Mongolia and the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. This research investigated the genetic diversity, genetic structure, and species distribution patterns of L. przevalskyi. The L. przevalskyi populations studied originated from 21 different regions and the genomic investigation was based on 15 pairs of simple sequence repeats (SSR) primers. A total of 147 alleles (Na) were detected by the 15 primer pairs, the average number of alleles was 9.8, the average effective allele per SSR marker (Ne) was 5.418, the average Shannon’s information index (I) was 1.808, the average expected heterozygosity (He) was 0.791, the average observed heterozygosity (Ho) was 0.882, and Nei’s gene diversity index(H) was 0.785. The polymorphism information content (PIC) of the 15 primer pairs ranged from 0.530 to 0.900 with a mean value of 0.756. The results of species level genetic diversity showed that 15 polymorphic loci were detected in the 21 populations. The average polymorphic loci was 13.57, and the average values of Na, Ne, I, He, Ho, and H were 3.299, 2.806, 1.028, 0.717, 0.841, and 0.598, respectively. The results of coefficient of genetic differentiation and gene flow quantification showed a certain degree of genetic differentiation among the L. przevalskyi populations. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that 33% of total genetic variation occurred among populations, while 67% resided within populations. Integrated analysis of cluster analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and genetic structure analysis revealed that the genotype of samples derived from different distribution areas had significant differences. Based on the geographical origins of the samples, the 21 population samples can be roughly classified into two subgroups, the southeastern populations (subgroup I) primarily consisting of originating from Maduo, Maqin, southeastern Qumalai, Yushu, and Riwoqê, and the northwestern populations (subgroup Ⅱ) mainly including those originating from Geermu, northwestern Qumalai, and Chenduo. A Mantel test showed there was a significant correlation between genetic distance and geographical distance (r=0.412; P<0.001), implying the genetic differentiation among different populations may be related to geographical barriers. The results of this study provide a theoretical and quantitative basis for exploring and categorizing the phylogenetic relationships, species definition, germplasm resource evaluation, and conservation and utilization of wild resources of the genus Littledalea.
| [1] |
Ren X F. Genetic diversity and population genetic structure analysis of bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] based on SSR markers. Luoyang: Henan University of Science and Technology, 2022. |
| [2] |
任学锋. 基于SSR标记的狗牙根遗传多样性及群体遗传结构分析. 洛阳: 河南科技大学, 2022. |
| [3] |
Wang H X, Hu Z A. Plant breeding system, genetic structure and conservation of genetic diversity. Biodiversity Science, 1996, 4(2): 92-96. |
| [4] |
王洪新, 胡志昂. 植物的繁育系统、遗传结构和遗传多样性保护. 生物多样性, 1996, 4(2): 92-96. |
| [5] |
Chen X D. Population genetics structure and phylogeography of Quercus fabri. Xi’an: Northwest University, 2018. |
| [6] |
陈晓丹. 白栎的群体遗传结构和谱系地理学研究. 西安: 西北大学, 2018. |
| [7] |
Guo Q, Xue X, Wang D D, et al. Genetic diversity and population genetic structure of Paeonia suffruticosa by chloroplast DNA simple sequence repeats (cpSSRs). Horticultural Plant Journal, 2025, 11(1): 367-376. |
| [8] |
Li Y Y, Liu C N, Wang R, et al. Applications of molecular markers in conserving endangered species. Biodiversity Science, 2020, 28(3): 367-375. |
| [9] |
李媛媛, 刘超男, 王嵘, 分子标记在濒危物种保护中的应用. 生物多样性, 2020, 28(3): 367-375. |
| [10] |
Liu Y, Wu B, Liu D C, et al. On genetic diversity of Jiangxi native citrus and its wild varieties based on SSR markers. Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis, 2005, 27(4): 486-490. |
| [11] |
刘勇, 吴波, 刘德春, 江西柑橘地方品种资源及野生近缘种SSR分子标记. 江西农业大学学报, 2005, 27(4): 486-490. |
| [12] |
Grover A, Sharma P C. Development and use of molecular markers: past and present. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, 2016, 36(2): 290-302. |
| [13] |
Jena R C, Chand P K. Multiple DNA marker assisted diversity analysis of Indian mango (Mangifera indica L.) populations. Scientific Reports, 2021, 11: 10345. |
| [14] |
Yan R J, Schnabel K E, Rowden A A, et al. Population structure and genetic connectivity of squat lobsters (Munida Leach, 1820) associated with vulnerable marine ecosystems in the southwest Pacific Ocean. Frontiers in Marine Science, 2020, 6: 791. |
| [15] |
Dang M, Zhou H J, Woeste K E, et al. Comparative phylogeography of Juglans regia and J. mandshurica combining organellar and nuclear DNA markers to assess genetic diversity and introgression in regions of sympatry. Trees, 2021, 35: 1993-2007. |
| [16] |
Gao C C, Yan L P, Wu D J, et al. Analysis of the genetic diversity and population structure of Fraxinus spp. populations based on SSR markers. Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology, 2023, 43(6): 69-78. |
| [17] |
高铖铖, 燕丽萍, 吴德军, 基于SSR标记的白蜡群体遗传多样性和群体结构分析. 中南林业科技大学学报, 2023, 43(6): 69-78. |
| [18] |
Liu L, Guo B Z. Flora of China (volume 9 book 2). Beijing: Science Press, 2002: 377-380. |
| [19] |
刘亮, 郭本兆. 中国植物志(第九卷 第二册). 北京: 科学出版社, 2002: 377-380. |
| [20] |
Lyu T, Liu Y P, Zhou Y H, et al. Germplasm collection and taxonomic review of Littledalea (Poaceae) in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Hubei Agricultural Sciences, 2018, 57(22): 11-13. |
| [21] |
吕婷, 刘玉萍, 周勇辉, 青藏高原扇穗茅属的分类现状及种质资源收集. 湖北农业科学, 2018, 57(22): 11-13. |
| [22] |
Hooker J D. Flora of British India. London: L. Reeve & Co, 1897: 2472-2473. |
| [23] |
Tzvelev N N. Planta Asiae Centralium. Aedibus: Nauka, 1968: 173-174. |
| [24] |
Wu Z Y. Flora of Xizang (volume 5). Beijing: Science Press, 1987: 138-139. |
| [25] |
吴征镒. 西藏植物志(第五卷). 北京: 科学出版社, 1987: 138-139. |
| [26] |
Lu S L. Littledalea, flora of Qinghai (volume 4). Xining: Qinghai People’s Publishing House, 1999: 72-74. |
| [27] |
卢生莲. 扇穗茅属,青海植物志(第四卷). 西宁: 青海人民出版社, 1999: 72-74. |
| [28] |
Zhou Y H. Species delimitation of Littledalea (Poaceae), an endemic genus from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Xining: Qinghai Normal University, 2017. |
| [29] |
周勇辉. 青藏高原特有属-扇穗茅属的物种界定研究. 西宁: 青海师范大学, 2017. |
| [30] |
Liu Y P, Lyu T, Zhu D, et al. Sequencing and alignment analysis of the complete chloroplast genome of Littledalea tibetica, an endemic species from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2018, 38(4): 518-525. |
| [31] |
刘玉萍, 吕婷, 朱迪, 青藏高原特有种——藏扇穗茅叶绿体基因组测序及序列分析. 植物研究, 2018, 38(4): 518-525. |
| [32] |
Liu T, Liu Y P, Lyu T, et al. Potential distribution of Littledalea, an endemic genus from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, predicted by Biomod 2 models. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2020, 28(6): 1650-1656. |
| [33] |
刘涛, 刘玉萍, 吕婷, 基于Biomod 2组合模型预测青藏高原特有属扇穗茅属物种的潜在分布. 草地学报, 2020, 28(6): 1650-1656. |
| [34] |
Yang P, Su X, Liu Y P, et al. Chromosome number and karyotype analysis from different populations of Littledalea racemosa. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2022, 30(7): 1712-1720. |
| [35] |
杨萍, 苏旭, 刘玉萍, 扇穗茅不同居群染色体数目及核型分析. 草地学报, 2022, 30(7): 1712-1720. |
| [36] |
Peakall R, Smouse P E. GenAlEx 6.5: genetic analysis in Excel. Population genetic software for teaching and research-an update. Bioinformatics, 2012, 28(19): 2537-2539. |
| [37] |
Fu G, Liu Y P, Su X, et al. Analysis of SSR characterization in full-length transcriptome and development of SSR molecular markers for Littledalea racemosa. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2025, 34(7): 107-119. |
| [38] |
富贵, 刘玉萍, 苏旭, 扇穗茅全长转录组SSR特征分析及分子标记开发. 草业学报, 2025, 34(7): 107-119. |
| [39] |
Porebski S, Bailey L G, Baum B R. Modification of a CTAB DNA extraction protocol for plants containing high polysaccharide and polyphenol components. Plant Molecular Biology Reporter, 1997, 15(1): 8-15. |
| [40] |
Yeh F C, Yang R C, Boyle T, et al. POPGENE Version 1.32 Microsoft windows-based freeware for populations genetic analysis Version 1.31. Edmonton: Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Centre, University of Alberta, 1999. |
| [41] |
Kalinowski S T, Taper M L, Marshall T C. Revising how the computer program CERVUS accommodates genotyping error increases success in paternity assignment. Molecular Ecology, 2007, 16(5): 1099-1106. |
| [42] |
Nei M F, Tajima F, Tateno Y. Accuracy of estimated phylogenetic trees from molecular data. Ⅱ. Gene frequency data. Journal of Molecular Evolution, 1982, 19(2): 153-170. |
| [43] |
Hubisz M J, Falush D, Stephens M, et al. Inferring weak population structure with the assistance of sample group information. Molecular Ecology Resources, 2009, 9(5): 1322-1332. |
| [44] |
Evanno G, Regnaut S, Goudet J. Detecting the number of clusters of individuals using the software structure: a simulation study. Molecular Ecology, 2005, 14(8): 2611-2620. |
| [45] |
Jiang L Y, Wu W L, Zhang K K, et al. Transeriptome sequencing and development of SSR molecular markers of Taxus chinensis var. mairei. Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs, 2024, 55(3): 928-935. |
| [46] |
蒋路园, 吴文丽, 张恺恺, 南方红豆杉转录组SSR位点分析及其分子标记开发. 中草药, 2024, 55(3): 928-935. |
| [47] |
Gao T X, Cai Y L, Feng Y, et al. Genetic diversity and genetic structure of Prunus pseudocerasus populations from China as revealed by SSR markers. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2016, 43(6): 1148-1156. |
| [48] |
高天翔, 蔡宇良, 冯瑛, 中国樱桃14个自然居群遗传多样性和遗传结构的SSR评价. 园艺学报, 2016, 43(6): 1148-1156. |
| [49] |
Liu Z L, Wan S L, Yan C P, et al. Genetic diversity of Jinsha pomelo and its closely related germplasm assessed by SSR molecular markers. South China Fruits, 2017, 46(3): 1-4. |
| [50] |
刘召亮, 万水林, 闫承璞, 金沙柚及其近缘种质基于SSR分子标记的遗传多样性分析. 中国南方果树, 2017, 46(3): 1-4. |
| [51] |
Sun L J,He J J,Wang J C, et al. Development of SSR markers based on full-length transcriptome sequencing and genetic diversity analysis of Halogeton glomeratus. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2022, 31(8): 199-210. |
| [52] |
孙禄娟, 何建军, 汪军成, 基于全长转录组测序的盐生草SSR标记开发及其遗传多样性分析. 草业学报, 2022, 31(8): 199-210. |
| [53] |
Peng Y L, Zhou Q P, Chen S Y, et al. Genetic diversity of Elymus nutans germplasm resources from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China detected by SSR markers. Pratacultural Science, 2018, 35(5): 1080-1089. |
| [54] |
彭语洛, 周青平, 陈仕勇, 青藏高原垂穗披碱草种质资源遗传多样性的SSR分析. 草业科学, 2018, 35(5): 1080-1089. |
| [55] |
Liang R F. Genetic structure and physiology of drought resistance in the population of Psammochloa villosa. Xining: Qinghai Normal University, 2021. |
| [56] |
梁瑞芳. 沙鞭群体遗传结构及抗旱生理研究. 西宁: 青海师范大学, 2021. |
| [57] |
Weir B S, Cockerham C C. Estimating F-statistics for the analysis of population structure. Evolution, 1984, 38(6): 1358-1370. |
| [58] |
Wang Y L. Genetics diversity and molecular phylogeography of Clintonia udensis. Xi’an: Northwest University, 2006. |
| [59] |
王祎玲. 七筋菇植物遗传多样性与分子系统地理学研究. 西安: 西北大学, 2006. |
| [60] |
Sun X. Studies on genetic diversity of Aselliscus stoliczkanus. Xinxiang: Henan Normal University, 2013. |
| [61] |
孙晓. 三叶蹄蝠遗传多样性研究. 新乡: 河南师范大学, 2013. |
| [62] |
Liu S T, Yi X R, Zhou M W, et al. Analysis of genetic diversity and population structure of pear germplasm resources in Guangxi. Journal of Fruit Science, 2024, 41(3): 379-391. |
| [63] |
刘珊廷, 易显荣, 周民武, 广西梨种质资源遗传多样性和群体结构分析. 果树学报, 2024, 41(3): 379-391. |
| [64] |
Zhao L. Assessment of genetic diversity and population genetic structure in Chinese Stipa breviflora using SSR markers. Hohhot: Inner Mongolia University, 2015. |
| [65] |
赵磊. 基于SSR标记的短花针茅种群遗传多样性与遗传结构分析. 呼和浩特: 内蒙古大学, 2015. |
| [66] |
Zeng L S, Zhang C C, Zhang J, et al. Genetic diversity analysis of perennial ryegrass germplasm by SSR molecular markers. Pratacultural Science, 2022, 39(1): 75-84. |
| [67] |
曾令霜, 张晨晨, 张敬, 多年生黑麦草种质SSR分子标记遗传多样性分析. 草业科学, 2022, 39(1): 75-84. |
| [68] |
Yang J. Study on the genetic diversity of 28 Agropyron cristatum germplasm resources in Inner Mongolia. Hohhot: Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 2023. |
| [69] |
杨靖. 内蒙古28份冰草种质资源材料遗传多样性的研究. 呼和浩特: 内蒙古农业大学, 2023. |
| [70] |
Li Q. Study on the bioecological characters and genetics diversity of Japanese brome in wheat field. Tai’an: Shandong Agricultural University, 2017. |
| [71] |
李琦. 麦田雀麦生物生态学特性与遗传多样性研究. 泰安: 山东农业大学, 2017. |
| [72] |
Nybom H, Bartish I V. Effective of life history traits and sampling strategies on genetic diversity estimates obtained with RAPD markers in plants. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematic, 2000, 3(2): 93-114. |
| [73] |
Liu Y C, Liu C, Yang Y M, et al. Genetic structure analysis of the cultivated blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) species and wild species in China based on EST-SSR markers. Journal of Fruit Science, 2017, 34(8): 956-967. |
| [74] |
刘有春, 刘成, 杨艳敏, 基于EST-SSR标记的越橘栽培种和几个中国野生种的遗传结构分析. 果树学报, 2017, 34(8): 956-967. |
| [75] |
Degirmenci F O, Acar P, Kaya Z. Consequences of habitat fragmentation on genetic diversity and structure of Salix alba L. populations in two major river systems of Turkey. Tree Genetics and Genomes, 2019, 15(4): 1-13. |
| [76] |
Jones A G, ArdrenW R. Methods of parentage analysis in natural populations. Molecular Ecology, 2003, 12(10): 2511-2523. |
| [77] |
Hickerson M J, Carstens B C, Cavender-Bares J, et al. Phylogeography’s past, present, and future: 10 years after Avise, 2010. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2010, 54(1): 291-301. |
| [78] |
Qiu Y X, Fu C X, Comes H P. Plant molecular phylogeography in China and adjacent regions: Tracing the genetic imprints of Quaternary climate and environmental change in the world’s most diverse temperate flora. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2011, 59(1): 225-244. |
| [79] |
Liu J Q, Sun Y S, Ge X J, et al. Phylogeographic studies of plants in China: Advances in the past and directions in the future. Journal of Systematics and Evolution, 2012, 50(4): 267-275. |
青海省重大科技专项(2023-SF-A5)
2023年中央林业草原生态保护恢复资金野生动植物保护项目(QHSY-2023-016)
青海省省财政林业改革发展资金林草新技术推广项目(QSCZ-2023-001)
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |