两种粒色燕麦籽粒色素与光合特性动态变化
Dynamic changes in pigment contents and photosynthetic characteristics of grains of black-grained and yellow-grained oat (Avena sativa)
为明确两种粒色燕麦光合特性与色素含量变化在籽粒发育过程中的差异,本研究对黑色和黄色籽粒燕麦抽穗至成熟阶段的光合特性、光合色素、花色苷、黑色素及花色苷合成相关酶的动态变化进行研究和分析。结果表明,两种粒色燕麦稃片颜色显著分化,抽穗后20 d起,黄色籽粒燕麦稃片逐渐转为黄色,而黑色籽粒燕麦稃片则转为黑色,其表型变化与花色苷和黑色素积累规律高度吻合;黄色籽粒燕麦在发育中期(抽穗后20~30 d),光合色素含量及净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)均极显著高于黑色籽粒(P<0.01),但开花期和乳熟期Pn日变化呈双峰型,存在明显“光合午休”现象;而黑色籽粒燕麦自抽穗后15 d起花色苷与黑色素含量持续积累,至成熟期分别较黄色籽粒燕麦高83.96%和39.8倍,且其Pn日变化呈单峰型,无光抑制现象。结构方程模型显示,籽粒颜色对净光合速率综合影响最大,光合色素正向影响光合速率,花色苷和黑色素负向影响光合速率。本研究可为培育适应性强、光合效率高的燕麦新品种提供科学依据。
The aim of this work was to analyze and compare the changes in photosynthetic characteristics and pigment contents in grains between black-grained and yellow-grained oat (Avena sativa) during grain development. We monitored the dynamic changes in photosynthetic traits and the contents of photosynthetic pigments, anthocyanins, and melanin, as well as the activities of anthocyanin-synthesizing enzymes, in grains of black-grained and yellow-grained oat from heading to maturity. The results show that the lemma colors of the two oat types significantly diverged during development. Starting from 20 days after heading, the lemma of yellow-grained oats gradually turned yellow, while that of black-grained oats turned black. These patterns of color development were highly consistent with the accumulation patterns of anthocyanins and melanin. During the mid-development stage (20-30 days after heading), compared with black-grained oats, the yellow-grained oats had significantly higher (P<0.01) contents of photosynthetic pigments and higher net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate. However, at the flowering and milky ripening stages, the daily Pn of yellow-grained oats showed a bimodal pattern with a distinct “midday depression” phenomenon. In contrast, black-grained oat grains began to accumulate anthocyanins and melanin continuously from 15 days after heading. By maturity, the anthocyanin and melanin contents of black-grained oats were 83.96% higher and 39.8-times higher, respectively, than those of yellow-grained oats. In black-grained oats, the daily pattern of Pn was unimodal without photoinhibition. Structural equation modeling indicated that grain color had the greatest comprehensive impact on Pn, with photosynthetic pigments positively affecting the photosynthetic rate and anthocyanins and melanin negatively affecting it. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for breeding new oat varieties with strong adaptability and high photosynthetic efficiency.
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青燕2号燕麦新品种繁育与示范(2023-NK=155)和国家牧草产业技术体系海北综合试验站(CARS-34)
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