黄河源区矮嵩草根际土壤微生物多样性及对环境因子的响应
陶惠赟 , 杨闰艳 , 李延灿 , 刘亚鹏 , 祁鹤兴
草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (12) : 16 -32.
黄河源区矮嵩草根际土壤微生物多样性及对环境因子的响应
Diversity of microorganisms in the rhizosphere soil of Kobresia humilis and their responses to environmental factors in the source region of the Yellow River
为探究不同海拔下矮嵩草根际土壤微生物群落组成特征及其环境因子影响因素,本研究以黄河源区海拔3000~5000 m矮嵩草根际土壤为对象,对其真菌和细菌进行Illumina MiSeq测序以及生物信息学分析,研究根际土壤微生物多样性差异、群落结构以及与环境因子之间的关系。结果表明黄河源区5个海拔下的微生物多样性、群落结构与环境因子之间的关系存在较大的差异。不同海拔的根际土壤中,在4027.0 m处的真菌多样性最高,而在4932.1 m处的细菌多样性最高,显示出真菌和细菌对海拔变化的不同响应模式。土壤微生物群落结构随着海拔上升具有不同的变化规律:随着海拔上升真菌群落中油壶菌门的相对丰度逐渐增大,蛙粪霉门只分布在海拔高于4500 m的采样点;细菌群落中随着海拔上升相对丰度逐渐增大的门分别是硝化螺旋菌门、蛭弧菌门、迷踪菌门、RCP2-54和SAR324_cladeMarine_group_B,随海拔上升相对丰度逐渐下降的是梭杆菌门。除了pH随着海拔的升高而降低,其他土壤理化因子随海拔上升都呈复杂的变化趋势。其中,在海拔4932.1 m处pH、全磷、速效氮、有机质与其余海拔具有显著差异(P<0.05);在海拔4027.0 m处全钾、速效磷、速效钾与其余海拔具有显著差异(P<0.05)。冗余分析表明,速效钾和海拔是影响真菌群落组成及其多样性的重要因子,而细菌群落受pH、全氮、全磷、速效氮、有机碳和海拔的影响更大,其中pH对细菌群落结构的影响最为显著。本研究通过Illumina MiSeq测序技术深入分析不同海拔下的矮嵩草根际土壤微生物多样性、群落结构及其环境影响因素,为黄河源区生态保护提供了土壤微生物层面的理论依据。
In this study, we explored the relationships between environmental factors and microbial diversity/community structure in the rhizosphere soil of Kobresia humilis. Rhizosphere soil samples were collected from K. humilis growing at sites in the source area of the Yellow River within an altitude range of 3000-5000 m. Environmental factors were recorded at each site, and soil samples were analyzed to determine the composition of the rhizosphere soil microbial community. Illumina MiSeq sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were conducted to identify and classify the fungi and bacteria in the rhizosphere soil samples. The results show that the relationships between microbial diversity/community structure and environmental factors differed among five different altitudes in the source region of the Yellow River. Among the rhizosphere soils collected at different altitudes, the soil collected at 4027.0 m had the highest fungal diversity and the soil collected at 4932.1 m had the highest bacterial diversity, indicating that fungi and bacteria showed different responses to altitude. Soil microbial community structure differed with elevation: the abundance of Olpidiomycota in the fungal community increased with elevation, and Basidiobolomycota was only found at sampling sites higher than 4500 m. The taxa Nitrospirota, Bdellovibrionota, Elusimicrobiota, RCP2-54, and SAR324_cladeMarine_group_B showed increased abundance with increasing altitude, whereas the abundance of Fusobacteriota gradually declined with increasing altitude. The soil pH decreased with increasing altitude, but other soil physicochemical factors showed more complex changes with altitude. The pH, total phosphorus, available nitrogen, and organic carbon contents in soil collected at 4932.1 m were significantly different from those in soils collected at other altitudes (P<0.05). The total potassium, available phosphorus, and available potassium contents in soil collected at 4027.0 m were significantly different from those in soils collected at other altitudes (P<0.05). A redundancy analysis showed that available potassium and altitude were important factors affecting the composition and diversity of fungi, while the bacterial community was more strongly affected by pH, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available nitrogen, organic carbon, and altitude. Among those factors, soil pH had the most significant effect on bacterial community structure. In this study, Illumina MiSeq sequencing technology was used to analyze soil microbial diversity and community structure in the rhizosphere of K. humilis at different altitudes, and the effects of environmental factors on the rhizosphere microbial community were determined. The results provide a theoretical basis for ecological protection at the soil microbe level in the source region of the Yellow River.
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青海省高寒草地适应性管理重点实验室自主课题(2023-GHSYS-ZZ-02)
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