地下滴灌时期和水量对紫花苜蓿种子生产的影响
俞鸿千 , 马雪鹏 , 曾翰国 , 单晓艳 , 李曼莉 , 王占军
草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (01) : 53 -64.
地下滴灌时期和水量对紫花苜蓿种子生产的影响
Effects of the amount and timing of subsurface drip irrigation on alfalfa seed production
灌水是提高紫花苜蓿种子产量的重要管理手段,为了明确滴灌时期和水量对紫花苜蓿种子产量组分和实际产量的影响,探讨水分影响种子产量形成的机制,以‘甘农4号’紫花苜蓿为材料,2021-2022年开展田间精细化灌水试验,设置灌水时期(现蕾期、盛花期、现蕾期+盛花期)和灌水量(225、450 m3·hm-2)两个因素,测定土壤水分含量、种子产量因子和产量,并分析它们之间的相关性。结果表明:1)灌水时期是影响种子产量的主因素,灌水量可影响种子数/小荚;2)现蕾期灌水与花序数/生殖枝呈显著正相关,现蕾期+盛花期灌水与种子产量呈显著正相关;3)20~40 cm土层土壤水分含量、收获期土壤水分含量、花序数/生殖枝、小花数/花序和荚果数/花序对种子产量的影响具有直接效应。因此,适宜宁夏中部干旱半干旱区的地下滴灌方案为现蕾期灌水225 m3·hm-2,盛花期灌水225~450 m3·hm-2,配合冬灌450 m3·hm-2。
Irrigation is an important management method to improve alfalfa (Medicago sativa) seed yield. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the impact of the timing and volume of drip irrigation on the yield components and actual yield of alfalfa seeds, and to investigate the mechanisms by which water influences seed yield formation. A field irrigation experiment was conducted from 2021 to 2022 using the alfalfa variety ‘Gannong No.4’. The experiment included two factors: irrigation timing (budding stage, full flowering stage, and a combination of budding stage+full flowering stage) and irrigation volume (225 and 450 m3·ha-1). Measurements of soil water content, seed yield components, and seed yield were obtained, and the correlations among these variables were analyzed. The findings indicated that: 1) The timing of irrigation was the primary factor influencing seed yield, while the irrigation volume affected the number of seeds per pod. 2) Significant positive correlations were detected between irrigation at the budding stage and the number of inflorescences per stem, and between irrigation at both the budding and full flowering stages and the overall seed yield. 3) The seed yield was directly influenced by several factors, including the soil water content within the 20-40 cm soil layer, the soil water content at the harvest stage, the number of inflorescences per stem, the number of flowers per inflorescence, and the number of pods per inflorescence. These results indicate that the optimal underground drip irrigation strategy for the arid and semi-arid regions of central Ningxia involves applying water at 225 m3·ha-1 during the budding stage, 225-450 m3·ha-1 during the full flowering stage, and 450 m3·ha-1 during the winter stage.
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