藜麦种子可培养内生真菌鉴定及分析
秦楠 , 曹瑞鹏 , 高婧涵 , 彭玉飞 , 田淼 , 吕红 , 任璐 , 殷辉 , 赵晓军
草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (11) : 98 -113.
藜麦种子可培养内生真菌鉴定及分析
Identification and analysis of culturable endophytic fungi from quinoa seeds
藜麦作为一种新引入我国的作物,因其超高的营养价值而备受瞩目。为明确藜麦种子内生真菌的种群结构和功能特性,对4个品种藜麦种子可培养内生真菌进行分离培养,综合形态学和系统发育分析对其进行了鉴定,并对其致病性和抑菌作用进行了探究。结果表明,4种藜麦种子中分离到6属9种可培养内生真菌,包含链格孢、黄曲霉、聚多曲霉、布氏镰孢、棒状镰孢、甜菜新凸轮孢、藜新凸轮孢、草酸青霉和斯托尔篮状菌。链格孢是4个品种都包含的内生菌,分离频率最高,为64.42%,其次为黄曲霉和草酸青霉,分离频率依次为11.66%、9.20%。9种可培养内生真菌中,5种可侵染藜麦叶片,为布氏镰孢、棒状镰孢、链格孢、藜新凸轮孢和甜菜新凸轮孢;2种对藜麦病原(灰葡萄孢、茎生壳二胞菌、柑橘镰孢、链格孢、粉红单端孢)有抑制作用,为草酸青霉和斯托尔篮状菌。藜麦种子可培养内生真菌种群结构丰富,在植物病害生物防治方面具有重要的应用潜力。
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) is a newly introduced crop in China, and it is attracting much interest because of its high nutritional value. In this study, we aimed to clarify the population structure and functional characteristics of endophytic fungi in quinoa seeds. Culturable endophytic fungi were isolated from seeds of four varieties of quinoa. The fungi were cultured, identified on the basis of morphological and phylogenetic analyses, and their pathogenicity and antifungal effects were explored. In total, nine culturable endophytes were isolated from the quinoa seeds. They comprised nine species of six genera, namely, Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus sydowii, Fusarium boothii, Fusarium clavum, Neocamarosporium betae, Neocamarosporium chenopodii, Penicillium oxalicum, and Talaromyces stollii. A. alternata was present in seeds of all four varieties, and had the highest isolation frequency (64.42%). The fungi with the next highest isolation frequencies were A. flavus and P. oxalicum (11.66% and 9.20%, respectively). Among the nine culturable endophytic fungi, five (F. boothii, F. clavum, A. alternata, N. chenopodii, and N. betae) were able to infect quinoa leaves, and two (P. oxalicum and T. stollii) showed inhibitory effects against quinoa pathogens (Botrytiscinerea, Ascochytacaulina, Fusariumcitri, A. alternata, Trichotheciumroseum). The culturable endophytic fungi in quinoa seeds showed a rich population structure and have potential applications in the biological control of plant diseases.
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