21份猫尾草种质不同生育时期光合特性综合评价
Multivariate evaluation of the photosynthetic characteristics of 21 timothy germplasm lines at different growth stages
为探究不同猫尾草种质资源的光合能力及筛选高光效猫尾草种质,本研究对21份猫尾草种质分蘖期、拔节期、抽穗期和成熟期4个生育时期的叶绿素体色素含量、光合及叶绿素荧光参数进行了对比研究。结果表明,供试猫尾草16项光合指标中,叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素、总叶绿素、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、净光合速率、胞间二氧化碳浓度、PSⅡ最大光合效率、PSⅡ潜在光化学效率、光化学淬灭系数、表观电子传递效率、PSⅡ光化学量子产量均呈先升后降趋势,并在抽穗期达最大值。基于4个生育时期各指标的均值进行主成分分析,将16项指标经降维提取出5个综合因子,累积贡献率为78.76%;利用逐步回归分析筛选出PSⅡ潜在光化学效率、PSⅡ光化学量子产量、总叶绿素、净光合速率、类胡萝卜素、气孔限制值、表观电子传递效率和非光化学淬灭系数8项可作为高光效猫尾草种质筛选的关键指标。21份猫尾草可聚为4类,其中材料9451、10676和9657均属第Ⅰ类,综合评价值较高,可作为猫尾草高光效新品种选育和改良的优异亲本材料。
Timothy (Phleum pratense) is widely cultivated globally because of its numerous superior traits such as good herbage quality and abundant natural oils and fats. This grass is beneficial for maintaining racehorse body shape, improving their respiratory system, and enhancing their endurance. It also stimulates rumination in cows, thereby prolonging the peak milk production period. However, the germplasm resources of timothy in China are relatively scarce, with only two species introduced so far. To investigate the photosynthetic capacity of timothy germplasm and screen for varieties with highly efficient photosynthesis, we conducted a comparative analysis of 21 timothy germplasm lines across four growth stages (tillering stage, culm elongation stage, heading stage, and reproductive maturity stage). We determined their chlorophyll pigment contents, photosynthetic parameters, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. Among the 16 photosynthetic traits of the tested timothy germplasm lines, 13 showed an initial increase, followed by a decrease, and then an increase to reach maximum values at the heading stage. These 13 traits were chlorophyll a content, chlorophyll b content, carotenoid content, total chlorophyll content, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic rate, intercellular carbon dioxide concentration, maximum photosynthetic efficiency of photosystem Ⅱ (PSⅡ), potential photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ, photochemical quenching coefficient, apparent electron transfer efficiency, and PSⅡ photochemical quantum yield. A principal component analysis was conducted using the mean values of various traits from four growth stages. It was found on principal component analysis that these 16 traits yielded 5 principal components with eigenvalues greater than 1 and cumulatively explaining 78.76% of data variance. These five principal components were weighted according to their eigenvalues and added to obtain a discriminant score (D) for each germplasm line. A stepwise regression analysis identified eight traits that could be used to identify germplasm lines with a high D score, assumed by the authors to indicate high light-use efficiency. These eight traits were potential photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ, photochemical quantum yield of PSⅡ, total chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, carotenoid content, stomatal limiting value, apparent electron transfer efficiency, and non-photochemical quenching coefficient. Using cluster analysis, the tested timothy germplasm lines were classified into four groups on the basis of their overall D scores. Germplasm lines designated 9451, 10676, and 9657 belonged to group Ⅰ with high multivariate scores. These lines have potential uses as excellent parental materials for breeding new timothy varieties with high light-use efficiency and improved photosynthetic traits.
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甘肃省重大专项(25ZDNA005)
国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-34)
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