饲用高粱/拉巴豆混播模式下施氮量对草地生产力和能量利用效率的影响
张译尹 , 肖爱萍 , 王斌 , 王腾飞 , 胡海英 , 兰剑
草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (01) : 40 -52.
饲用高粱/拉巴豆混播模式下施氮量对草地生产力和能量利用效率的影响
Effect of nitrogen application on grass productivity and energy use efficiency in a mixed forage sorghum/lablab planting
通过探讨混播模式下不同施氮水平对草地生产性能、经济效益、能量利用效率和生态效能指数的影响,可为氮素高效利用和生态可持续发展提供科学依据。于2021-2023年在宁夏大学四墩子草学野外科学研究基地开展田间定位试验,采用双因素试验设计,设置2个种植模式(SS:饲用高粱单播;SL:饲用高粱/拉巴豆混播)和4个施氮水平(N0:0 kg·hm-2;N90:90 kg·hm-2;N180:180 kg·hm-2;N270:270 kg·hm-2)。结果表明:混播与氮素调控的协同效应显著提高了系统干草产量和粗蛋白产量,且在施氮量为180 kg·hm-2水平下表现出最优生产性能,干草产量(29.08 t·hm-2)和粗蛋白产量(2.62 t·hm-2)均达到最高,较饲用高粱单播模式平均提高了20.69%~23.86%和21.03%~26.89%。经济效益分析显示,在180 kg·hm-2施氮水平下饲用高粱/拉巴豆混播模式的年均净收入和净产出能量均为最高,较不施肥分别提高33.94%和21.32%,表现出良好的经济-能源协同效应。此外,饲用高粱/拉巴豆混播模式下施氮量为90 kg·hm-2时能量利用效率和能量生产力最高,分别为10.84和0.60 kg·MJ-1,较不施肥分别提高了1.94%和1.95%。综合草地生产性能、经济效益、能量利用效率以及生态效能指数对不同种植模式进行可持续评价得出,混播结合施氮180 kg·hm-2处理下可持续指数最高(0.97)。因此,西北干旱区饲用高粱/拉巴豆混播种植系统的最佳施氮量为180 kg·hm-2,以相对较低的氮肥投入提高了牧草产量和农业系统的可持续性。
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of different nitrogen application rates on grassland production performance, economic efficiency, energy use efficiency, and ecological efficiency index under mixed seeding conditions. The overall aim of our research was to provide a scientific basis for the efficient use of N fertilizer to achieve environmentally sustainable development. We conducted a field trial in 2021-2023 at the Sidunzi Grass Field Science Research Base of Ningxia University. The experiment had a two-factor design with two cropping patterns (SS: forage sorghum monoculture; SL: forage sorghum/lablab mixed cropping) and four N application rates (N0: 0 kg·ha-1; N90: 90 kg·ha-1; N180: 180 kg·ha-1; N270: 270 kg·ha-1). It was found that the synergistic effect of mixed seeding and nitrogen fertilization significantly increased the hay yield and crude protein yield of the system. The optimum production performance was obtained with the mixed crop fertilized with N at 180 kg·ha-1. This treatment had the highest hay yield (29.08 t·ha-1) and crude protein yield (2.62 t·ha-1). These values were higher on average by 20.69%-23.86% and 21.03%-26.89%, respectively, compared with those in the other treatments and the control. An economic benefit analysis showed that the forage sorghum/lablab mixed planting fertilized with 180 kg·ha-1 N had the highest average annual net income and net energy output. The values for this treatment 33.94% and 21.32% higher, respectively, than those in the control (no fertilizer), demonstrating good economic-energy synergy effects. The forage sorghum/lablab mix with 90 kg·ha-1 N application had the highest energy use efficiency and energy productivity at 10.84 and 0.60 kg·MJ-1, respectively. These values were 1.94% and 1.95% higher than the respective values in the control. The sustainability of the different cropping patterns was evaluated on the basis of the forage yield, economic efficiency, energy use efficiency, and ecological efficiency index. The highest sustainability index (0.97) was obtained for the mixed crop with N application at 180 kg·ha-1. Therefore, application of N fertilizer at 180 kg·ha-1 is the optimum level for the forage sorghum/lablab mixed cropping system in the Northwest Arid Zone. This treatment improves the forage yield and sustainability of the cropping system with relatively low N fertilizer inputs.
| [1] |
Wang B, Deng J Q, Wang T F, et al. Effect of seeding options on interspecific competition in oat (Avena sativa L.)-common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) forage crops. Agronomy, 2022, 12(12): 3119. |
| [2] |
Xiong Z Q, Zhang X X. Key role of efficient nitrogen application in low carbon agriculture. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2017, 23(6): 1433-1440. |
| [3] |
熊正琴, 张晓旭. 氮肥高效施用在低碳农业中的关键作用. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2017, 23(6): 1433-1440. |
| [4] |
Ding Y L, Zhao N N, Li M, et al. Carbon source/sink and carbon footprint estimation for field crop production and spatial characterization in northern Shaanxi Province. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2024, 44(11): 4574-4583. |
| [5] |
丁也璐, 赵娜娜, 黎明, 陕北农田作物生产碳源/汇及碳足迹空间特征. 生态学报, 2024, 44(11): 4574-4583. |
| [6] |
Tongwane M I, Moeletsi M E. A review of greenhouse gas emissions from the agriculture sector in Africa. Agricultural Systems, 2018, 166(10): 124-134. |
| [7] |
Gan Y T, Liang C, Chai Q, et al. Improving farming practices reduces the carbon footprint of spring wheat production. Nature Communications, 2014, 5(10): 5012. |
| [8] |
Liu C, Cutforth H, Chai Q, et al. Farming tactics to reduce the carbon footprint of crop cultivation in semiarid areas. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 2016, 36(4): 69. |
| [9] |
Peng S B. Reflection on China’s rice production strategies during the transition period. Scientia Sinica (Vitae), 2014, 44(8): 845-850. |
| [10] |
Dearing J A, Zhang K, Cao W D, et al. Who determines the trade-offs between agricultural production and environmental quality? An evolutionary perspective from rural eastern China. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability, 2019, 17(5): 347-366. |
| [11] |
Li C, Hoffland E, Kuyper T W, et al. Syndromes of production in intercropping impact yield gains. Nature Plants, 2020, 6(6): 653-660. |
| [12] |
Chen X S, Wu S W, Nan L L, et al. Effects of fertilization on forage yield and quality of Legume-Gramineae mixtures in the Hexi Corridor region. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 2024, 46(6): 57-65. |
| [13] |
陈孝善, 吴世文, 南丽丽, 施肥对河西走廊豆禾混播草地产量及品质的影响. 中国草地学报, 2024, 46(6): 57-65. |
| [14] |
Wu G L, Liu Z H, Zhang L, et al. Effects of artificial grassland establishment on soil nutrients and carbon properties in a black-soil-type degraded grassland. Plant and Soil, 2010, 333(12): 469-479. |
| [15] |
Xia L L, Xia Y Q, Li B L, et al. Integrating agronomic practices to reduce greenhouse gas emissions while increasing the economic return in a rice-based cropping system. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 2016, 231(9): 24-33. |
| [16] |
Zhao X, Wang S Q, Xing G X. Maintaining rice yield and reducing N pollution by substituting winter legume for wheat in a heavily-fertilized rice-based cropping system of southeast China. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 2015, 202(4): 79-89. |
| [17] |
Shcherbak I, Millar N, Robertson G P. Global metaanalysis of the nonlinear response of soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions to fertilizer nitrogen. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2014, 111(25): 199-204. |
| [18] |
Schroll H. Energy-flow and ecological sustainability in Danish agriculture. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 1994, 51(3): 301-310. |
| [19] |
Nasso N N O D, Bosco S, Bene C D, et al. Energy efficiency in long-term Mediterranean cropping systems with different management intensities. Energy, 2011, 36(4): 1924-1930. |
| [20] |
Ma R S, Jiang C Z, Gao W, et al. Effects of slow-release N fertilizer on growth and water-and N-use efficiencies of forage sweet sorghum under three different irrigation regimes. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2023, 32(10): 71-81. |
| [21] |
马仁诗, 蒋丛泽, 高玮, 不同水分条件下缓释氮肥对饲用甜高粱生长和水氮利用效率的影响. 草业学报, 2023, 32(10): 71-81. |
| [22] |
Wang B, Shi J M, Wang T F, et al. Effect of nitrogen application on production performance and nitrogen fertilizer contribution of forage sorghum/lablab mixed cropping. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2025, 34(4): 53-63. |
| [23] |
王斌, 史佳梅, 王腾飞, 施氮对饲用高粱/拉巴豆混播草地生产性能和氮肥贡献率的影响. 草业学报, 2025, 34(4): 53-63. |
| [24] |
Marsalis M A, Angadi S V, Govea C. Dry matter yield and nutritive value of corn, forage sorghum, and BMR forage sorghum at different plant populations and nitrogen rates. Field Crops Research, 2010, 116(1/2): 52-57. |
| [25] |
Umesh M R, Angadi S, Begna S, et al. Intercropping and species interactions on physiological and light use characteristics of forage cereals-legumes combinations in semi-arid regions. Field Crops Research, 2023, 290(1): 108755. |
| [26] |
Liu X H, Xu W X, Li Z J, et al. The missteps, improvement and application of carbon footprint methodology in farmland ecosystems with the case study of analyzing the carbon efficiency of China’s intensive farming. Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, 2014, 35(1): 1-7. |
| [27] |
刘巽浩, 徐文修, 李增嘉, 农田生态系统碳足迹法: 误区、改进与应用—兼析中国集约农作碳效率(续). 中国农业资源与区划, 2014, 35(1): 1-7. |
| [28] |
West T O, Marland G. A synthesis of carbon sequestration, carbon emissions, and net carbon flux in agriculture: comparing tillage practices in the United States. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 2002, 91(1/3): 217-232. |
| [29] |
Deng J Q, Ni H, Zhang Z X, et al. Designing productive, energy-efficient, and environmentally friendly production systems by replacing fallow period with annual forage cultivation on the Loess Plateau of China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2021, 320(10): 128660. |
| [30] |
Gou Z W, Yin W, Chai Q, et al. Analysis of sustainability of multiple cropping green manure in wheat-maize intercropping after wheat harvested in arid irrigation areas. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(7): 1319-1331. |
| [31] |
苟志文, 殷文, 柴强, 干旱灌区小麦间作玉米麦后复种绿肥的可持续性分析. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(7): 1319-1331. |
| [32] |
Wang S, Li K L, Nie J W, et al. Economic benefits and carbon footprint of a spring mung bean-summer maize cropping system in the North China Plain. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2020, 28(6): 910-919. |
| [33] |
王上, 李康利, 聂江文, 华北平原春绿豆-夏玉米种植模式经济效益和碳足迹评价. 中国生态农业学报(中英文), 2020, 28(6): 910-919. |
| [34] |
Li Y J, Ma P J, Wu J H, et al. Effects of interplanting with Dolichos lablab on agronomic traits and yield of two varieties of silage maize. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2019, 28(9): 209-216. |
| [35] |
李亚娇, 马培杰, 吴佳海, 不同品种青贮玉米与拉巴豆套种对青贮玉米农艺性状及产量的影响. 草业学报, 2019, 28(9): 209-216. |
| [36] |
Baxevanos D, Tsialtas I T, Dimitrios N V, et al. Cultivar competitiveness in pea-oat intercrops under Mediterranean conditions. Field Crops Research, 2017, 214(12): 94-103. |
| [37] |
Nandi S, Maitra S, Shankar T, et al. Impact of intercropping of vegetable legumes in summer maize on productivity and competitive ability of crops. Crop Research, 2022, 57(3): 122-127. |
| [38] |
Wang B, Deng J Q, Wang T F, et al. Optimizing nitrogen application rates to maximize productivity while reducing environmental risk by regulating nitrogen and water utilization in mixed cropping systems. Agricultural Water Management, 2024, 303(10): 109053. |
| [39] |
Du Q, Zhou L, Chen P, et al. Relay-intercropping soybean with maize maintains soil fertility and increases nitrogen recovery efficiency by reducing nitrogen input. The Crop Journal, 2020, 8(1): 140-152. |
| [40] |
Hu F, Zhao C, Feng F X, et al. Improving N management through intercropping alleviates the inhibitory effect of mineral N on nodulation in pea. Plant & Soil, 2017, 412(1/2): 235-251. |
| [41] |
Cai S Y, Pittelkow C M, Zhao X, et al. Winter legume-rice rotations can reduce nitrogen pollution and carbon footprint while maintaining net ecosystem economic benefits. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2018, 195(10): 289-300. |
| [42] |
Billore S D, Joshi O P. Effect of spatial arrangement of soybean and sorghum in intercropping on productivity and energy use efficiency. Journal of Oilseeds Research, 2005, 22(1): 194-196. |
| [43] |
Singh R J, Ghosh B N, Sharma N K, et al. Energy budgeting and emergy synthesis of rainfed maize-wheat rotation system with different soil amendment applications. Ecological Indicators, 2016, 61(2): 753-765. |
国家自然科学基金项目(32201474)
宁夏高等学校一流学科建设(草学学科)项目(NXYLK2017A01)
“一年两熟”人工草地可持续发展模式研究与示范项目(2021BBF02001)
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |