藜麦CqSGT1基因克隆、表达模式与DNA变异分析
窦苗苗 , 姜晓东 , 孙慧琼 , 徐宏申 , 王锡亮 , 杨博慧 , 柴文婷 , 赵珊珊 , 张春来
草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (01) : 223 -240.
藜麦CqSGT1基因克隆、表达模式与DNA变异分析
Cloning, expression profiling and DNA variation analysis of the disease-resistance gene CqSGT1 in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa)
藜麦的生长发育易受逆境胁迫,影响藜麦产业的发展。SGT1作为Skp1-4的抑制因子,通过分子伴侣或调控泛素化对植物抗逆反应进行调控,其中Skp1-4参与调控细胞周期、信号转导和基因表达等生物过程。鉴定藜麦SGT1基因,明确藜麦SGT1基因对生物及非生物胁迫的应答情况。利用生物信息学方法,鉴定出藜麦SGT1基因,并对其理化性质、序列特征、系统发育树、蛋白互作网络及表达模式等方面进行研究。从藜麦基因组鉴定出2个SGT1基因,分别命名为CqSGT1a和CqSGT1b,位于Chr06和Chr07上,藜麦SGT1蛋白主要富含碱性氨基酸,亚细胞定位在细胞核,无信号肽结构,二级结构以α-螺旋为主,属于疏水性蛋白,无跨膜结构,具有TPR-SGS-CS结构域。CqSGT1启动子区域存在藜麦生长发育和抵御逆境胁迫的光系统和激素等响应元件。CqSGT1基因与BvSGT1基因亲缘关系最近。qPCR技术分析表明,藜麦SGT1在花和籽粒中表达量较高,推测其表达与花和籽粒形成发育有关;低温初期表达水平上调,随之被抑制;水杨酸(SA)正向调控SGT1的表达,3 h时响应最显著。SGT1于2403(抗病材料)中响应霜霉病菌侵染,抗病材料中SGT1的表达量于接种后2 h显著上调,后期先降后升,在24 h时的响应最为强烈,表明SGT1a/b基因在藜麦霜霉病中发挥正调控作用。CqSGT1基因具有组织表达特异性,并且均响应低温、SA胁迫及霜霉病菌侵染,在藜麦器官生长发育和抗逆过程中发挥重要作用。
The growth and development of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) are negatively affected by adverse conditions, and that restricts the development of the quinoa industry. SGT1 (suppressor of the G2 allele of Skp1) participates in the plant stress resistance response by regulating molecular chaperones and ubiquitination. The SGT1 protein inhibits Skp1-4, which are components of ubiquitin ligase complexes that regulating biological processes such as the cell cycle, signal transduction, and gene expression. The aim of this study was to identify quinoa SGT1 genes and determine their transcriptional responses to biotic and abiotic stress conditions. The SGT1 genes of quinoa were identified using bioinformatics-based methods, and their sequence characteristics, phylogenetic relationships, and expression patterns were analyzed. In addition, the physical and chemical properties and protein interaction networks of their putative encoded proteins were determined. The quinoa genome was found to contain two SGT1 genes, CqSGT1a and CqSGT1b, located on chromosomes 6 and 7. The putative quinoa SGT1 proteins are rich in basic amino acids, lack signal peptides, and are dominated by α-helixes. They were predicted to localize to the nucleus. Both were predicted to be hydrophobic proteins without transmembrane structures, and both contained the characteristic TPR-SGS-CS domain. The CqSGT1 promoter regions contained cis-acting elements related to light and hormone responsiveness, suggesting that the expression of these genes is tightly regulated during growth, development, and stress responses. The CqSGT1 genes showed the closest relationship with BvSGT1 from Beta vulgaris. The results of qPCR analyses showed that the highest transcript levels of SGT1 in quinoa were in the flowers and grains, suggesting that their expression was related to the formation and development of these organs. Under low temperature stress, both SGT1 genes were initially up-regulated and then down-regulated. Treatment with salicylic acid induced the expression of SGT1, and the response was most significant at 3 h after inoculation. SGT1 responses were seen during downy mildew (Peronospora variabilis) infection in the resistant quinoa line 2403. In the resistant line, SGT1 transcript levels were significantly increased at 2 h after inoculation, then decreased, and then subsequently increased again. The strongest response was at 24 h, indicating that the SGT1a/b genes play a positive regulatory role in the response to quinoa downy mildew. Both CqSGT1 genes showed tissue-specific expression patterns and responded to low temperature, salicylic acid, and downy mildew infection. These results show that SGT1 plays an important role in the growth and development of quinoa, and in its responses to biotic and abiotic stress.
| [1] |
Gómez-Caravaca A M, Iafelice G, Verardo V, et al. Influence of pearling process on phenolic and saponin content in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd). Food Chemistry, 2014, 15(157): 174-178. |
| [2] |
Jiang X D, Li X F, Hao Y P, et al. Gene cloning and express of squalene synthase and β-amyrin synthase from Chenopodium quinoa. Soils, 2018, 50(6): 1214-1221. |
| [3] |
姜晓东, 李新凤, 郝艳平, 藜麦β-香树酯醇合酶和鲨烯合酶基因的克隆与表达. 土壤, 2018, 50(6): 1214-1221. |
| [4] |
Jarvis D E, Ho Y S, Lightfoot D J, et al. The genome of Chenopodium quinoa. Nature, 2017, 542(7641): 307-312. |
| [5] |
Bazile D, Fuentes F, Mujica A. Historical perspectives and domestication//Bhargava A. Quinoa: botany, production and uses. Wallingford: Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International, 2013: 16-35. |
| [6] |
Hinojosa L, González J A, Barrios-Masias F H, et al. Quinoa abiotic stress responses: a review. Plants, 2018, 7(4): 106. |
| [7] |
Wang C. Study on resistance evaluation of quinoa germplasms to downy mildew and its resistance mechanisms. Lanzhou: Gansu Agricultural University, 2023. |
| [8] |
王昶. 藜麦种质对霜霉病的抗性评价及其抗病机理研究. 兰州: 甘肃农业大学, 2023. |
| [9] |
Wang C, Li M Q, Yang F R, et al. Diseases investigation and pathogen identification of quinoa downy mildew in Gansu Province. Journal of Nuclear Agriculture, 2023(3): 503-512. |
| [10] |
王昶, 李敏权, 杨发荣, 甘肃藜麦霜霉病调查及其病原菌鉴定. 核农学报, 2023(3): 503-512. |
| [11] |
Yuan C L, Li C J, Zhao X B, et al. Genome-wide identification and characterization of HSP90-RAR1-SGT1-Complex members from Arachis genomes and their responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Frontiers in Genetics, 2021, 12: 689669. |
| [12] |
Kitagawa K, Skowyra D, Elledge S J, et al. SGT1 encodes an essential component of the yeast kinetochore assembly pathway and a novel subunit of the SCF ubiquitin ligase complex. Molecular Cell, 1999, 4(1): 21-33. |
| [13] |
Wang K, Zhang Z Y. Progress in studying the function of SGT1 in plant disease resistance response. Journal of Plant Genetic Resources, 2008, 9(1): 115-118. |
| [14] |
王凯, 张增燕. SGT1在植物抗病反应中的功能研究进展. 植物遗传资源学报, 2008, 9(1): 115-118. |
| [15] |
Zhang D L, Yang X X, Wen Z Y, et al.Proxitome profiling reveals a conserved SGT1-NSL1 signaling module that activates NLR-mediated immunity. Molecular Plant, 2024, 17(9): 1369-1391. |
| [16] |
Azevedo C, Sadanandom A, Kitagawa K, et al. The RAR1 interactor SGT1, an essential component of R gene-triggered disease resistance. Science, 2002, 295(5562): 2073-2076. |
| [17] |
Wang K, Uppalapati S R, Zhu X H, et al. SGT1 positively regulates the process of plant cell death during both compatible and incompatible plant-pathogen interactions. Molecular Plant Pathology, 2010, 11(5): 597-611. |
| [18] |
Makoto I, Ohnishi K, Hikichi Y, et al. Molecular chaperons and co-chaperons, Hsp90, RAR1, and SGT1 negatively regulate bacterial wilt disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum in Nicotiana benthamiana. Plant Signaling & Behavior, 2015, 10: e970410. |
| [19] |
Kumar D, Kirt P B. Pathogen-induced SGT1of Arachis diogoi induces cell death and enhanced disease resistance in tobacco and peanut. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 2015, 13: 73-84. |
| [20] |
Yu G, Xian L, Zhuang H Y, et al. SGT1 is not required for plant LRR-RLK-mediated immunity. Molecular Plant Pathology, 2021, 22(1): 145-150. |
| [21] |
Chen Z Q, Wu Q, Tong C, et al. Characterization of the roles of SGT1/RAR1, EDS1/NDR1, NPR1, and NRC/ADR1/NRG1 in Sw-5b-mediated resistance to tomato spotted wilt virus. Viruses, 2021, 13(8): 1447. |
| [22] |
Shanmugam A, Thamilarasan S K, Park J I, et al. Characterization and abiotic stress-responsive expression analysis of SGT1 genes in Brassica oleracea. Genome, 2016, 59: 243-251. |
| [23] |
Berens M L, Berry H M, Mine A, et al. Evolution of hormone signaling networks in plant defense. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 2017, 55(1): 401-425. |
| [24] |
Váczy K Z, Otto M, Gomba-Tóth A, et al. Botrytis cinerea causes different plant responses in grape (Vitis vinifera) berries during noble and grey rot: diverse metabolism versus simple defence. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2024, 15: 1433161. |
| [25] |
Yu G, Xian L, Xue H, et al. A bacterial effector protein prevents MAPK-mediated phosphorylation of SGT1to suppress plant immunity. PLoS Pathogens, 2020, 16(9): e1008933. |
| [26] |
Peart J R, Lu R, Sadanandom A, et al. Ubiquitin ligase-associated protein SGT1 is required for host and nonhost disease resistance in plants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2002, 99(16): 10865-10869. |
| [27] |
Zhu X D, Yang L F, Chen Y Y, et al. Biological functional analysis of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) FeSGT1 gene in enhancing drought stress resistance. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2023, 49(6): 1573-1583. |
| [28] |
朱旭东, 杨兰锋, 陈媛媛, 甜荞FeSGT1基因克隆及抗旱功能解析. 作物学报, 2023, 49(6): 1573-1583. |
| [29] |
Agarwal G, Garg V, Kudapa H, et al. Genome-wide dissection of AP2/ERF and HSP90 gene families in five legumes and expression profiles in chickpea and pigeonpea. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 2016, 14: 1563-1577. |
| [30] |
Zou C S, Chen A J, Xiao L H, et al. A high-quality genome assembly of quinoa provides insights into the molecular basis of salt bladder-based salinity tolerance and the exceptional nutritional value. Cell Research, 2017, 27(11): 1327-1340. |
| [31] |
Xie Y J, Xue J, Jiang X D, et al. Screening of reference genes in Chenopodium quinoa under Peronospora variabilis stress and verification of their stability. Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2024, 53(2): 191-198. |
| [32] |
解宇洁, 薛婧, 姜晓东, 霜霉病菌胁迫下藜麦内参基因的筛选及其稳定性验证. 福建农林大学(自然科学版), 2024, 53(2): 191-198. |
| [33] |
Koua A P, Oyiga B C, Baig M M, et al. Breeding driven enrichment of genetic variation for key yield components and grain starch content under drought stress in winter wheat. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2021, 12: 684205. |
| [34] |
Meldau S, Baldwin I T, Wu J Q. For security and stability: SGT1 in plant defense and development. Plant Signaling & Behavior, 2011, 6(10): 1479-1482. |
| [35] |
Holt B F, Belkhadir Y, Dangl J L. Antagonistic control of disease resistance protein stability in the plant immune system. Science, 2005, 309(5736): 929-932. |
| [36] |
Muskett P, Parker J. Role of SGT1 in the regulation of plant R gene signaling. Microbes and Infection, 2003, 5(11): 969-976. |
| [37] |
Chen X Y, Li X B, Duan Y H, et al. A secreted fungal subtilase interferes with rice immunity via degradation of suppressor of G2 allele of skp1. Plant Physiology, 2022, 190(2): 1474-1489. |
| [38] |
Wang Y Q, Liu C, Du Y Y, et al. A stripe rust fungal effector PstSIE1 targets TaSGT1 to facilitate pathogen infection. The Plant Journal, 2022, 112(6): 1413-1428. |
| [39] |
Steven S R, Huang L, Brandt A S, et al. Development of a virus-induced gene-silencing system for hexaploid wheat and its use in functional analysis of the Lr21-mediated leaf rust resistance pathway. Plant Physiology, 2005, 138(4): 2165-2173. |
| [40] |
Li X B. Functional characterization of subtilisin-like protease family genes in Ustilaginoidea virens. Changsha: Central China Agricultural University, 2022. |
| [41] |
李夏冰. 稻曲菌枯草杆菌蛋白酶家族基因功能研究. 长沙: 华中农业大学, 2022. |
| [42] |
Ouyang X, Chen J L, Sun Z M, et al. Ubiquitin E3 ligase activity of Ralstonia solanacearum effector RipAW is not essential for induction of plant defense in Nicotiana benthamiana. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2023, 14: 1201444. |
| [43] |
Zhang C L, Xu D C, Jiang X C. Improvement of disease resistance of sugar beet by molecular breeding. China Beet & Sugar, 2008(2): 23-26. |
| [44] |
张春来, 徐德昌, 姜孝成. 分子育种提高甜菜抗病性. 中国甜菜糖业, 2008(2): 23-26. |
| [45] |
Guo W L, Chen B H, Guo Y Y, et al. Improved powdery mildew resistance of transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana overexpressing the Cucurbita moschata CmSGT1 gene. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2019, 10: 955. |
| [46] |
Forner-Giner M Á, Rodríguez-Gamir J, Primo-Millo E, et al. Hydraulic and chemical responses of citrus seedlings to drought and osmotic stress. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 2011, 30(3): 353-366. |
| [47] |
Luna C M, Pastori G M, Driscoll S, et al. Drought controls on H2O2 accumulation, catalase (CAT) activity and CAT gene expression in wheat. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2005, 56(411): 417-423. |
| [48] |
Baczek-Kwinta R, Filek W, Grzesiak S, et al. The effect of soil drought and rehydration on growth and antioxidative activity in flag leaves of triticale. Biologia Plantarum, 2006, 50(1): 55-60. |
| [49] |
Mhamdi A, Queval G, Chaouch S, et al. Catalase function in plants: a focus on Arabidopsis mutants as stress-mimic models. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2010, 61(15): 4197-4220. |
| [50] |
Jiang J M, Chen J T, Luo L, et al. Expression analysis reveals that sorghum disease resistance protein SbSGT1 is regulated by auxin. Biology, 2022, 11(1): 67. |
| [51] |
Li R Q, Zheng W Y, Yang R F, et al. OsSGT1promotes melatonin-ameliorated seed tolerance to chromium stress by affecting the OsABI5-OsAPX1 transcriptional module in rice. The Plant Journal, 2022, 112(1): 151-171. |
| [52] |
Noël L D, Cagna G, Stuttmann J, et al. Interaction between SGT1 and cytosolic/nuclear HSC70 chaperons regulates Arabidopsis immune responses. Plant Cell, 2007, 19(12): 4061-4076. |
山西农大生物育种工程项目(YZGC104)
国家自然科学基金(31971994)
中国科技部中巴援助项目(KY202002002)
山西农谷建设项目(SXNGJSKYZX201702)
山西农谷建设项目(SXNGJSKYZX201704)
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |