氮磷添加对一年生人工草地土壤微生物-胞外酶生态化学计量特征的影响
康佳惠 , 郑敏娜 , 龚瑞杰 , 韩志顺 , 陈燕妮 , 梁秀芝
草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (01) : 13 -24.
氮磷添加对一年生人工草地土壤微生物-胞外酶生态化学计量特征的影响
Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus supplementation on ecological stoichiometric characteristics of soil microbial-extracellular enzymes in annual artificial grassland
为探讨不同氮磷水平施肥对一年生燕麦和苜蓿单播、混播人工草地土壤微生物特性的影响,本研究以燕麦、苜蓿单播及燕麦×苜蓿1∶1混播3种类型的人工草地为对象,共设9个施肥处理,分别为N0P0(CK)、N0P2.5、N0P5、N5P0、N5P2.5、N5P5、N10P0、N10P2.5、N10P5,包括3个氮肥水平(纯氮0、75和150 kg·hm-2)和3个磷肥水平(纯磷0、37.5和75 kg·hm-2),分析比较了不同氮磷添加水平下3种类型的人工草地上土壤微生物生物量碳氮磷含量、土壤胞外酶活性及其生态化学计量比的变化特征。研究结果表明:1)不同氮磷添加水平对土壤微生物养分代谢特征具有显著影响。在燕麦单播草地中,高氮低磷(N10P2.5)的施肥处理对土壤微生物生物量碳、氮具有显著的抑制作用;在苜蓿单播草地中,低氮高磷(N5P5)配施有利于提升土壤微生物生物量碳、氮;在混播草地中,施肥处理对土壤微生物生物量的影响较为复杂,高磷(N0P5)的施肥处理对土壤微生物生物量均有抑制作用。2)燕麦单播草地中β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶、亮氨酸氨基肽酶和碱性磷酸酶活性受氮磷施肥处理的影响较大,而苜蓿单播草地和燕麦×苜蓿混播草地中则相对较为稳定,且3种草地类型的土壤N∶P酶活性比均小于1,说明试验地土壤微生物磷限制大于氮限制。综上所述,在晋北地区燕麦单播和苜蓿单播草地生产中低氮高磷(施氮75 kg·hm-2,施磷75 kg·hm-2)配施较适宜,而在燕麦×苜蓿混播人工草地的肥料管理中,应优先考虑低氮低磷(施氮75 kg·hm-2,施磷37.5 kg·hm-2)配施。
The aim of this research was to explore the effects of fertilization with different amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus on the characteristics of soil microbes. To this end, we prepared artificial grasslands with annual oat (Avena sativa) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa) grown alone as monocultures or as a mixture (1∶1). The experiment consisted of a control, N0P0 (CK) and eight treatments, namely N0P2.5, N0P5, N5P0, N5P2.5, N5P5, N10P0, N10P2.5, and N10P5. These treatments represented combinations of N fertilizer at three levels (elemental N at 0, 75 and 150 kg·ha-1) and phosphate fertilizer at three levels (elemental P at 0, 37.5 and 75 kg·ha-1). We determined the carbon, N, and P contents in soil microbial biomass, the activities of extracellular enzymes in soil, and their ecological stoichiometric ratios in the three types of artificial grassland under the different levels of N and P fertilization. It was found that: 1) Addition of different levels of N and P significantly affected the nutrient metabolism characteristics of soil microorganisms. In the oat monoculture, the fertilization treatment with high N and low P (N10P2.5) had a significant inhibitory effect on the carbon and N contents of soil microbial biomass. In the alfalfa monoculture, combined application of low N and high P (N5P5) resulted in increased carbon and N contents in soil microbial biomass. In the oat-alfalfa mixture, the influence of fertilization treatments on soil microbial biomass was complex, but fertilization with high P (N0P5) had an inhibitory effect on soil microbial biomass. 2) The activities of β-1,4-glucosidase, leucine aminopeptidase, and alkaline phosphatase in the oat monoculture were greatly affected by the N and P fertilization treatments, while those in the alfalfa monoculture and the mixed oat-alfalfa grassland were relatively stable across all the treatments. The soil N∶P enzyme activity ratios were lower than 1 in all three grassland types, indicating that the P limitation for soil microorganisms at the experimental site was greater than the N limitation. In summary, for grasslands in the northern part of Shanxi Province, the combined application of low N and high P (N at 75 kg·ha-1 and P at 75 kg·ha-1) is optimal for oat and alfalfa as monocultures. However, for mixed oat-alfalfa sowings, low N and low P (N at 75 kg·ha-1 and P at 37.5 kg·ha-1) should be prioritized.
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山西省基础研究计划项目(202303021222076)
山西农业大学科技创新提升工程(CXGC2023076)
山西农业大学生物育种工程项目(YZGC087)
山西省牧草产业技术体系(2025)和大同市应用基础研究计划项目(2024062)
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