水杨酸对高温、干旱及其复合胁迫下玉米抗氧化系统及光合能力的调控效应
杨寒星 , 刘宁戈 , 汤钰镂 , 李欢 , 朱一鸣 , 郭家萌 , 王浩 , 邵瑞鑫 , 王泳超 , 杨青华
草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (01) : 79 -92.
水杨酸对高温、干旱及其复合胁迫下玉米抗氧化系统及光合能力的调控效应
Effects of salicylic acid on antioxidant and photosynthetic capacity of maize under high temperature, drought and their combined stress
为了明确高温、干旱及其复合胁迫下水杨酸(SA)对玉米幼苗抗氧化系统和光合能力的调控效应,本研究以‘先玉335’为试验材料,于玉米三叶一心期,采用2.5 mmol·L-1的SA溶液叶片喷施,通过人工气候箱模拟高温(昼/夜温度40 ℃/28 ℃)及20%的PEG-6000诱导干旱(中度)建立复合胁迫模型。结果表明:1)SA可提高不同胁迫下超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,减少丙二醛(MDA)和超氧阴离子(O2·-)的积累,与单一胁迫相比,复合胁迫下SA可提高抗氧化酶间的正相关性,SOD与POD、CAT的正相关系数均为0.93**,CAT与POD的正相关系数为0.99**。2)不同胁迫下,SA可提高玉米叶片和根系的可溶性糖(SS)及可溶性蛋白(SP)含量,提高细胞保水能力,增加植株水分含量。3)SA可提高不同胁迫下玉米叶片可变荧光(Fv)和最大荧光(Fm),降低初始荧光(F0),但对Fv/Fm无显著影响。SA可提高不同胁迫下玉米叶片净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)和胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci),胁迫后第5天,复合胁迫的Pn、Tr和Gs分别升高28.84%、28.43%和34.21%。4)SA可缓解不同胁迫对玉米幼苗生长的抑制作用,增加干物质积累,提高根冠比。本研究证实SA更好地促进复合胁迫下抗氧化酶间的协同作用,从而更高效地清除有害物质,缓解胁迫对光合作用的抑制,进而促进全株干物质的积累,提高玉米幼苗的根冠比。
The aim of this work was to investigate the regulatory impact of salicylic acid (SA) on the antioxidant system and photosynthetic capacity of maize (Zea mays) seedlings under high temperature, drought, and the combination of these stresses. Seedlings of the maize cultivar ‘Xianyu 335’ at the third-leaf stage were treated with a 2.5 mmol·L-1 SA solution applied as a foliar spray. High temperature and drought stress conditions were imposed using an artificial climate chamber and polyethyleneglycol-6000, respectively. The results indicate that: 1) SA augmented the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), under heat stress and drought stress, and reduced the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide anions (O2·-). Under combined heat and drought stress, the positive correlations among antioxidant enzymes were enhanced in the SA treatment. Specifically, the correlation coefficients between SOD and POD activity, SOD and CAT activity, and CAT and POD activity were 0.93, 0.93, and 0.99, respectively. 2) SA treatment elevated the levels of soluble sugars and soluble proteins in maize leaves and roots, improved cellular water retention, and increased the overall water content in maize seedlings. 3) SA treatment improved the variable fluorescence (Fv) and maximum fluorescence (Fm) while reducing initial fluorescence (F0) in maize leaves under stress, but did not significantly affect Fv/Fm. Additionally, the SA treatment increased the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs), and intercellular CO₂ concentration (Ci). On the 5th day after the stress treatment, the values of Pn, Tr, and Gs were 28.84%, 28.43%, and 34.21% higher, respectively, in the SA treatment than in the control. 4) SA mitigated the inhibitory effects of stress on maize seedling growth, enhancing dry matter accumulation and the root-shoot ratio. The results of this study show that SA enhances the cooperation among antioxidant enzymes under compound stress conditions. Treatment with SA improves the removal of harmful substances, mitigates the stress-induced inhibition of photosynthesis, increases overall dry matter accumulation in plants, and improves the root-shoot ratio in maize seedlings.
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