准噶尔盆地南缘荒漠区大沙鼠和红尾沙鼠头骨特征比较
安有萍 , 张蓉 , 赵久淇 , 陈蝶 , 杨素文 , 王晓慧 , 苏比努尔·加帕尔null , 王大伟
草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (02) : 120 -130.
准噶尔盆地南缘荒漠区大沙鼠和红尾沙鼠头骨特征比较
Comparison of skull characteristics between Rhombomys opimus and Meriones libycus in the southern desert of the Junggar Basin
为了探究准噶尔盆地南缘荒漠区同域分布的大沙鼠和红尾沙鼠头骨形态特征的差异及其与体重之间的关系,探究其是否存在对荒漠区高温干旱环境的趋同性适应。本研究使用夹日法对新疆维吾尔自治区准噶尔盆地南缘荒漠区啮齿动物群落进行调查,测量捕获标本的颅全长、基长、腭长、颧宽、眶间宽等13个头骨指标,并针对上述特征的种间差异及头骨指标与体重间的关系进行分析。结果表明:1)除鼻骨长外(P=0.276),其余12项指标在两种鼠种间均具有极显著差异(P<0.01);2)13项头骨指标中,仅红尾沙鼠的下齿列长在种内性别间存在极显著差异(P<0.05),而其他头骨指标在种内性别间无显著差异(P>0.05);3)头骨形态指标随体重的变化趋势显示,大沙鼠的颅全长与体重增长呈极显著正相关(R2=0.4808,P<0.01),红尾沙鼠的基长(R2=0.3214)、颧宽(R2 =0.6020)、下颌长(R2=0.5656)与体重增长呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01)。综上所述,大沙鼠和红尾沙鼠在多个头骨指标中表现出种间差异,大沙鼠颅全长,红尾沙鼠基长、颧宽以及下颌长3项指标至成体时期仍保持生长状态,其余指标均未表现出明显规律。本研究结果可以补充大沙鼠与红尾沙鼠的分类学基础数据,并为两者的物种分类鉴定和形态学研究提供参考。
To investigate the differences in skull morphological characteristics and their relationship with body weight between the sympatric desert rodents Rhombomys opimus and Meriones libycus in the southern margin of the Junggar Basin, and to explore whether they exhibit convergent adaptations to the hyperarid and high-temperature desert environment, this study conducted a rodent community survey using the snap-trapping method in the desert region of the southern Junggar Basin, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Thirteen skull morphological indices, including total skull length, basal length, median palatal length, zygomatic width, and least breadth between the orbits, were measured from captured specimens. The interspecific differences in skull traits and their correlations with body weight were analyzed. Results indicated that: 1) Except for greatest length of the nasals (P=0.276), all 12 other skull indices exhibited highly significant interspecific differences (P<0.01); 2) Among the 13 skull indices, only the length of the down tooth row of M. libycus showed a significant intraspecific sexual dimorphism (P<0.05), while other indices displayed no significant sex-based differences (P>0.05); 3) Skull morphology trends relative to body weight revealed an extremely significantly positive correlation between profile length and body weight in R. opimus (R2=0.4808, P<0.01). For M. libycus, basal length (R²=0.3214), zygomatic breadth (R²=0.6020), and lower jaw length (R²=0.5656) exhibited extremely significant positive correlations with body weight (P<0.01). In conclusion, R. opimus and M. libycus display distinct interspecific differences in multiple skull traits. Notably, profile length in R. opimus, and basal length, zygomatic breadth, and total length in M. libycus showed continued growth into adulthood, while other traits lacked clear patterns. These findings supplement taxonomic and morphological data for both species and provide a reference for species identification and evolutionary studies.
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新疆农业大学大学生创新项目(dxscx2023054)
2023年度国家级大学生创新项(202310758005)
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