扁穗牛鞭草种茎EMS化学诱变突变体创制
彭辉 , 穆麟 , 沈佳欣 , 王靖轩 , 黄菁 , 黄雨珣 , 张志飞
草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (02) : 95 -106.
扁穗牛鞭草种茎EMS化学诱变突变体创制
Creation of ethyl methanesulfonate chemical mutants of Hemarthria compressa seed stem
扁穗牛鞭草是禾本科牛鞭草属多年生草本植物,生长速度快,适应性和抗逆性强,是南方地区重要的饲草资源。本研究以扁穗牛鞭草种茎为试验材料,设置甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)不同浓度(0%、0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%、1.0%)和处理时间(2、4、6 h)的双因素完全随机试验,明确了扁穗牛鞭草种茎EMS诱变最佳处理浓度和处理时间分别为0.6%和6 h。在扁穗牛鞭草EMS诱变群体中通过表型评价筛选获得了1株优良突变体(编号5-5-4)。对突变体5-5-4进行低磷胁迫试验发现,5-5-4较野生型生根数和根尖数更多,最长根长和总根长更大,根毛结构更发达。低磷胁迫导致扁穗牛鞭草磷吸收量大幅下降,但磷利用效率大幅提高,且5-5-4根部和地上部磷利用效率均高于野生型。低磷胁迫下,5-5-4根系中酸性磷酸酶、超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶活性更高,富集了解磷菌芽孢杆菌、沙壤土杆菌、红育菌。本研究基于EMS化学诱变技术,解析了扁穗牛鞭草突变体耐受低磷胁迫的生理学机理,创制出耐低磷的新型种质资源,为南方低磷地区草牧业品种选育提供了理论依据与育种材料储备。
Hemarthria compressa isa perennial species of the Poaceae family, with fast growth rate, strong adaptability and stress resistance. It is a very important forage resource in the southern region of China. This study investigated the use of ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) as a chemical agent to produce mutants of H. compressa. Stems of seedlings were used to provide cells of H. compressa for exposure to EMS and two factors were tested: EMS concentration (0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8% or 1.0%) and treatment time (2, 4 or 6 h). It was found that the optimal EMS concentration and treatment time for mutagenesis of H. compressa is 0.6% and 6 hours. Phenotypic comparison testing identified an excellent H. compressa mutant among the EMS-mutatated population, designated number 5-5-4. Comparative testing of mutant 5-5-4 and the wild type under low phosphorus stress conditions showed that 5-5-4 had greater root and root tip number, longest root length and total root length, and a more developed root hair structure than the wild-type. Low phosphorus stress resulted in a significant decrease in phosphorus uptake, but the phosphorus use efficiency was greatly improved and the phosphorus utilization efficiency in roots and stems of mutant 5-5-4 was higher than in the wild type. Under low phosphorus stress, the activities of acid phosphatase, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase were also higher in roots of the mutant and roots of the mutant exhibited greater presence of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, including Bacillus, Ramlibacter and Rhodoferax in the rhizosphere. In summary, this study used EMS chemical mutagenesis technology to generate H. compressa mutants and analyzed the tolerance to low phosphorus stress and associated physiological parameters in a promising mutant, resulting in new germplasm resources with low phosphorus tolerance. These results provide both technical data for further mutagenesis work and breeding material development of improved H. compressa varieties to support animal husbandry in low phosphorus areas in southern China.
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2023年湖南省林业生态保护修复及发展项目资助
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