塔里木河流域牧草植物分布格局与养分分析
Analysis of the distribution pattern and nutrition profiles of forage plants in the Tarim River Basin
以塔里木河流域的牧草植物为研究对象,旨在掌握该流域牧草植物资源的分布格局及其影响因子,为牧草资源的科、属、种层次开发利用提供理论支撑,同时基于将营养成分相似性的牧草划分整理,为塔里木河流域潜在高营养价值牧草品种的筛选与替代提供了理论依据。通过整合历史文献、野外调查及在线平台数据,更新了塔里木河流域牧草植物名录并分析了其科属种的组成及分布格局;利用冗余分析(RDA)探讨了人为、气候和土壤因子对不同牧草类群和生活型植物分布的影响;基于主成分分析(PCA)对营养价值相似的牧草植物进行了聚类分析。结果表明:1)塔里木河流域牧草植物共计41科153属269种,呈沿塔里木盆地边缘分布的特点,主要集中于北部和静县、西部乌恰县、西南部叶城县、和田县、东部若羌县及中部阿克苏市;2)年均温(MAT)与地方生产总值(GDP)是影响牧草类群区域分布的主要因子,贡献率达66.8%,年均温是影响牧草植物不同生活型区域分布差异的主要因子,其贡献率达62.2%,pH、速效钾(AK)为次要因子,贡献率分别为13.1%和10.8%,土壤有机质(SOM)仅对牧草类群植物分布有影响;3)牧草植物间的养分相似性独立于其系统发育关系及牧草等级划分。
The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of forage plant resources in the Tarim River Basin and the factors influencing the distribution. The overall aim of our study was to provide theoretical support for the development and utilization of forage resources at family, genus, and species levels. In addition, based on the grouping of forage plants with similar nutrition profiles, we aimed to identify forage species with potentially high nutrition value in the Tarim River Basin and suggest possible substitutes. By integrating information from historical literature, field surveys, and online databases, we updated the forage plant list for the Tarim River Basin and analyzed the composition and distribution patterns of plant families, genera, and species. We also explored the influence of anthropogenic, climatic, and soil factors on the distribution of different pasture taxa and growth-type plants using redundancy analysis, and carried out a clustering analysis based on principal component analysis to identify groups of pasture plants with similar nutritive value. The main results were as follows: 1) The forage plants in the Tarim River Basin totaled 269 species in 153 genera and 41 families. These plants were mostly distributed along the edge of the Tarim Basin, and were mainly concentrated in Hejing County in the north, Wuqia County in the west, Yecheng County and Hotan County in the southwest, Ruoqiang County in the east, and Aksu City in the central part. 2) The mean annual air temperature and local gross domestic product were the main factors influencing the regional distribution of forage taxa, with a combined contribution of 66.8%. Mean annual temperature was the primary factor influencing the regional distribution of different growth types of forage plants, with a contribution of 62.2%, and acidity and alkalinity (pH) and available potassium were the factors of secondary importance, with contributions of 13.1% and 10.8%, respectively. Soil organic matter only affected the distribution of forage taxa. 3) In terms of nutrition status, similarities among forage plants were independent of their phylogenetic relationships and forage class groupings.
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第三次新疆综合科学考察项目(2022xjkk0201)
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