东祁连山高寒草甸山生柳灌木扩张对草本植物群落特征的影响
刘阳 , 肖红 , 徐长林 , 邓明月 , 魏文强 , 韩奥 , 马凯 , 王昀
草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (03) : 13 -25.
东祁连山高寒草甸山生柳灌木扩张对草本植物群落特征的影响
Impact of Salix oritrepha shrub encroachment on characteristics of herbaceous plant communities in the alpine meadows of the Eastern Qilian Mountains
明晰东祁连山高寒草甸灌木扩张对草本植物群落特征的影响,对当地生态平衡和畜牧业发展具有重要意义。本研究在甘肃省天祝藏族自治县境内,以山生柳为优势灌木的高寒灌丛草甸为对象,运用空间演替代替时间演替的方法,在不同灌丛化程度(轻度、中度和重度)的灌丛斑块和草地斑块中,探究了不同功能群草本植物的高度、盖度和地上生物量以及群落物种多样性指数的变化规律。结果表明,随着灌丛化程度的增加,灌丛斑块和草地斑块中各功能群草本植物的高度均呈上升趋势,莎草科植物的盖度呈下降趋势,禾本科植物的生物量无显著变化;灌木扩张对杂类草的物种组成影响较大,在重度灌丛化处理下,灌丛斑块和草地斑块中均形成了以问荆为优势种的草本层。灌木扩张降低了灌丛斑块中草本群落的物种丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson优势度指数和Pielou均匀度指数。相关性分析得出,灌丛斑块内山生柳灌木的高度和冠幅面积与草本植物物种多样性指数均呈显著负相关。综上,以山生柳为优势灌木的高寒灌丛草甸灌木扩张对草本群落既有竞争作用,又有一定的庇护作用,这种作用的大小因灌丛化程度和草本植物种类的不同而有所差异。
Exploring the impacts of shrub encroachment on the characteristics of herbaceous plant communities in the alpine meadows of the Eastern Qilian Mountains is important both for understanding local ecological equilibrium and for the development of animal husbandry. This study was carried out in alpine meadows dominated by Salix oritrepha in Tianzhu, Gansu Province. Using a space-for-time substitution method, we assessed differences in plant height, coverage, and aboveground biomass across various functional groups, and species diversity indexes, under light, moderate, and heavy levels of shrub encroachment in both shrub and grass patches. As shrub encroachment intensified, herbaceous plant height increased in both patch types, whereas the cover of sedges declined and the aboveground biomass of grasses remained stable. The composition of forbs shifted significantly, with Equisetum arvense becoming dominant under severe shrub encroachment. Species richness, Shannon-Wiener diversity, Simpson’s dominance, and Pielou’s evenness indexes all decreased in shrub patches as shrub encroachment intensified. Correlation analysis revealed a significant negative relationship between herbaceous species diversity and the plant height and canopy size of S. oritrepha. Overall, the results of this study show that S. oritrepha expansion has both suppressive and facilitative effects on herbaceous communities, with the extent of these effects varying depending on the plant functional group and the degree of shrub encroachment.
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国家自然科学基金项目(32301509)
对口支援科研联合基金项目(GSAU-DKZY-2025-004)
甘肃农业大学公招博士科研启动基金项目(GAU-KYQD-2021-01)
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