基于BSA技术的稗属牧草抽穗期QTL定位及候选基因分析
QTL mapping and analysis candidate genes for heading stage in Echinochloa based on bulked segregant analysis
抽穗期是影响作物产量形成和环境适应性的关键阶段,解析其分子调控机制对牧草种质资源创新和新品种培育具有重要意义。很多稗属植物是优良的耐盐碱牧草,然而目前稗属牧草抽穗期的分子调控机制尚不明确,制约了不同生态区适生品种的分子设计育种和盐碱地的可持续利用。为了系统解析稗草抽穗期的遗传调控网络,本研究以稗的基因组作为参考基因组,采用BSA-Seq(bulked segregant analysis sequencing)技术对湖南稷子和宁夏无芒稗及其杂交F2:3群体(共62份样本)进行分析。基于R 4.2.2,采用Index算法定位抽穗期相关QTL(quantitative trait locus),通过String数据库构建蛋白质互作网络筛选候选基因,并利用GO和KEGG数据库对候选基因进行功能注释。研究结果表明:共鉴定出11347个SNP和1992个Indel有效变异位点;定位到两个候选QTL:qHD-16-1(193.14 kb,包含17个基因)和qHD-6-1(11.05 kb,包含2个基因);筛选出EcRCS3、EcCYSK(错义突变)、EcP0710H01.9、EcAPG、EcCFAT、EcNBA1共6个关键候选基因。功能注释表明,这些基因主要通过调控硫代谢、半胱氨酸和蛋氨酸等代谢途径影响开花基因表达或直接影响花芽分化,从而调控稗草的抽穗期。本研究为稗草分子标记辅助育种提供了重要的基因资源和潜在的分子靶点,并为盐碱地适生牧草品种的精准选育奠定了理论基础,具有重要的科学价值和应用前景。
Heading date is a crucial agronomic trait that significantly influences crop yield formation and environmental adaptability. Elucidating the molecular regulatory mechanisms of heading date is essential for forage germplasm innovation and for breeding new varieties. Echinochloa species (barnyard grass) are ideal forage resources for marginal land utilization because of their remarkable salt-alkali tolerance. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of heading date in Echinochloa remain unclear. This knowledge gap substantially constrains molecular breeding of ecologically adapted varieties and the agricultural development of areas with saline-alkali soils. To decipher the genetic regulatory network controlling heading date in barnyard grass, we employed bulked segregant analysis sequencing (BSA-Seq) to analyze Echinochloa crusgalli var. frumentacea, Echinochloa crusgalli var. mitis, and their F2∶3 hybrid population (62 samples in total), using the Echinochloa genome as a reference. Then, quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping was performed using the Index algorithm in R 4.2.2, and a protein-protein interaction network was constructed using the String database to identify candidate genes. Functional annotation of these genes was conducted using the Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases. A total of 11347 single nucleotide polymorphisms and 1992 insertion/deletion mutations were identified as effective variants. Two candidate QTLs were mapped: qHD-16-1 (193.14 kb, containing 17 genes) and qHD-6-1 (11.05 kb, containing two genes). Six key candidate genes [EcRCS3, EcCYSK (missense mutation), EcP0710H01.9, EcAPG, EcCFAT, and EcNBA1] were identified. Functional annotation revealed that these genes regulate heading date primarily by modulating sulfur, cysteine, and methionine metabolic pathways, thereby influencing the expression of flowering-related genes and flower bud differentiation. This study provides valuable genetic resources and potential molecular targets for molecular marker-assisted breeding and offers critical insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of heading date in barnyard grass (Echinochloa spp.). These findings establish a theoretical foundation for precision breeding of saline-alkali-adapted forage varieties, demonstrating significant scientific merit and promising application prospects for the utilization of saline-alkali land.
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宁夏自然科学基金项目(2024AAC03133)
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