“六位一体”模式对宁夏盐碱地土壤水盐动态、质量等级及青贮玉米产能的影响
李磊 , 马勇宽 , 蒋鹏 , 朱志明 , 纪立东 , 李龙 , 许兴
草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (03) : 68 -82.
“六位一体”模式对宁夏盐碱地土壤水盐动态、质量等级及青贮玉米产能的影响
Effects of a ‘six-aspect integrated’ pattern on dynamic changes in soil water and salt contents, quality of cultivated land, and silage maize productivity in saline-alkali land in the Ningxia irrigation area
针对单项技术对宁夏引黄灌区盐碱地治理效果不显著、饲草产能不高的问题,本研究采用“改土适种”与“以种适地”相结合的方针,从“改良剂、施肥、种子、耕作、灌水、排水/盐”战略技术要点出发,构建“六位一体”盐碱地综合治理新模式,以常规模式为对照,研究该模式对盐碱地土壤水盐动态变化、质量等级及青贮玉米产能的影响。结果表明,相比常规模式,“六位一体”模式连续实施2年后0~15 cm土层体积含水率可减少3.05%,15~30 cm土层体积含水率提高3.01%,0~30 cm土层全盐含量降低30.42%,但地下水矿化度增加12.36%。同时,2024年,“六位一体”模式相比常规模式土壤容重显著降低了6.34%,土壤有机质与有效磷含量分别显著增加12.41%和70.33%,耕地质量也提高0.56个等级。此外,相比常规模式,“六位一体”模式下青贮玉米株高、干物质质量及淀粉含量分别显著提高了5.67%、21.93%、3.46%,中性洗涤纤维与酸性洗涤纤维的降幅分别为5.73%、11.03%,2023与2024年产量增幅分别为12.52%、25.28%,2024年净收益增加2279.4元·hm-2,产投比也提高了13.04%。由此可见,“六位一体”模式在土壤盐分抑制、质量等级增加及作物产能提升方面效果显著,可在实际生产中逐步开展示范推广。
Single technologies have limited effectiveness in remediating saline-alkali soil and improving the low forage productivity in the Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation District. To address this issue, we explored the effectiveness of a combined strategy of ‘soil improvement for crop adaptation’ and ‘crop adaptation to soil conditions’. Focusing on six strategic technical aspects (i.e., soil amendments, fertilization, seed selection, tillage practices, irrigation, and drainage/salt management), we established a novel ‘six-aspect integrated’ comprehensive saline-alkali soil remediation pattern. This pattern was compared with conventional practices to evaluate its effects on soil water-salt dynamics, the soil quality grade, and silage maize (Zea mays) productivity. The results show that, after 2 consecutive years of implementation, the ‘six-aspect integrated’ pattern achieved the following advantages compared with conventional practices. The volumetric water content in the 0-15 cm soil layer was decreased by 3.05% while that in the 15-30 cm layer was increased by 3.01%. The total salt content in the 0-30 cm soil layer was decreased by 30.42%, although there was a 12.36% increase in groundwater mineralization. The soil bulk density was significantly decreased by 6.34%, soil organic matter was increased by 12.41%, and available phosphorus was increased by 70.33%, elevating soil quality by 0.56 grades in 2024. The combined treatment also enhanced silage maize performance: plant height was increased by 5.67%, dry matter yield was increased by 21.93%, and starch content was increased by 3.46%, alongside reductions in neutral detergent fiber by 5.73% and acid detergent fiber by 11.03%. The annual yields were increased by 12.52% in 2023 and 25.28% in 2024, with a net profit increase of 2279.4 Yuan·ha-1 and improvement in the cost-benefit ratio by 13.04% in 2024. These findings demonstrate that the ‘six-aspect integrated’ pattern significantly suppresses soil salinity, improves soil quality, and enhances crop productivity, making it a promising approach for practical use on a large scale in agricultural production.
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国家重点研发计划项目“黄河上游河套平原节水控盐产能提升技术模式与应用(2021YFD19006┫”专题“宁夏平罗插花盐渍地改稻种旱节水控盐产能提升模式示范┣2021YFD1900605-02┫”和宁夏回族自治区农业高质量发展和生态保护科技创新示范项目┣NGSB-2021-11-07)
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