旱生植物霸王ZxCER6的基因克隆及功能分析
未丽 , 邓育轩 , 赵静 , 刘俊良 , 马克华 , 王锁民
草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (01) : 154 -169.
旱生植物霸王ZxCER6的基因克隆及功能分析
Cloning and functional analysis of ZxCER6 from the xerophyte Zygophyllum xanthoxylum
角质层蜡质在旱生植物霸王抵御不良生境中发挥着重要作用。β-酮脂酰辅酶A合成酶(KCS)是催化蜡质前体物质合成的关键酶。本研究克隆得到霸王ZxKCS6/CER6的cDNA全长1548 bp,具有2个决定底物选择性的高度保守跨膜区和3个酶催化位点,属于缩合酶超家族成员。与其他高等植物同源蛋白的氨基酸序列比对发现,ZxCER6属于KCS家族中CER6亚家族,具有第224位的半胱氨酸高度保守激活位点。系统进化树分析发现,ZxCER6与拟南芥AtCER6的亲缘关系最近。表达模式分析表明,ZxCER6主要在地上部组织中表达,尤其在叶表皮中表达丰度最高;且受50 mmol·L-1 NaCl处理的强烈诱导,其表达丰度在36 h时达到峰值。利用表皮特异性启动子驱动ZxCER6在拟南芥中表达发现,干旱处理后转基因拟南芥的地上部干鲜重、叶绿素含量、净光合速率和水分利用效率均显著高于野生型,而离体叶片失水率、叶绿素浸出率和叶片相对质膜透性均低于野生型;转基因植株地上部角质层蜡质含量,尤其是烷烃含量显著增加。表明ZxCER6的超表达可增加转基因植株表皮中烷烃的含量,减少水分散失,从而提高其抗旱性。本研究初步揭示了ZxCER6介导的蜡质积累在荒漠植物霸王抗旱性中的作用,为优良牧草及农作物抗旱性的遗传改良提供了优异的基因资源。
Cuticular wax plays an important role in resistance to environmental stresses in the xerophyte Zygophyllum xanthoxylum. β-ketoacyl-CoA synthase (KCS) is the key enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of wax precursors. In this study, the full-length cDNA of ZxKCS6/CER6 was cloned. The 1548-bp sequence encoded a polypeptide with two highly conserved transmembrane regions that determine substrate selectivity and three enzyme catalytic sites, and it belongs to the condensation enzyme superfamily. Comparison with homologous protein sequences of other higher plants revealed that ZxCER6 belongs to the CER6 subfamily of the KCS family and has a highly conserved cysteine activation site at amino acid position 224. A phylogenetic analysis revealed a close relationship between ZxCER6 and AtCER6 of Arabidopsis thaliana. Transcript profile analysis revealed that ZxCER6 transcript levels were much higher in aboveground tissues, especially in the leaf epidermis, than in below-ground organs. Expression of ZxCER6 was strongly induced by 50 mmol·L-1 NaCl treatment and its transcript level peaked at 36 hours of this treatment. ZxCER6 was expressed in A. thaliana under the control of an epidermal-specific promoter, and the performance of the transgenic plants was compared with that of wild type plants. Upon drought treatment, the shoot dry and fresh weight, total chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, and water use efficiency of transgenic Arabidopsis were significantly higher than those of the wild type, and the water loss rate, chlorophyll leaching rate, and relative membrane permeability of detached leaves were lower than those of the wild type. The wax content, especially the alkane content, in the aboveground cuticle was significantly higher in the transgenic plants than in the wild type plants. These findings indicate that ZxCER6 can increase the proportion of alkanes in the cuticular wax on the epidermis of transgenic plants leading to reduced water loss, and consequently, improved drought resistance. The results of this study reveal that ZxCER6 mediates the accumulation of epicuticular waxes that play an important role in the drought resistance of the desert plant Z. xanthoxylum. Our findings highlight an excellent genetic resource that can be used for the genetic improvement of drought resistance in forage and crop plants.
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国家自然科学基金(32271749)
阿拉善盟国家级公益林二十年(2004-2023)生态效益评估项目(AMKJZC2024-01)
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