紫花苜蓿非组培遗传转化体系创建及在耐盐基因功能鉴定与基因编辑中的应用
张世超 , 崔国文 , 张德鹏 , 韩福迎 , 丁叮 , 吕向丽 , 林硕 , 陈乐然 , 李吉儒 , 才华
草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (03) : 223 -234.
紫花苜蓿非组培遗传转化体系创建及在耐盐基因功能鉴定与基因编辑中的应用
Establishment of a tissue culture-free genetic transformation system for alfalfa and its applications in salt-tolerance gene functional characterization and gene editing
针对紫花苜蓿传统遗传转化技术存在的周期长、效率低、基因型依赖性强的技术瓶颈,本研究创新性地建立了基于发根农杆菌介导的高效非组培遗传转化体系。以‘龙牧806’苜蓿枝条为材料,采用优化的节下穿刺浸染法,构建无需组织培养的高效遗传转化体系。该方法可在14 d内获得转基因苜蓿嵌合体,生根率达72%~82%,毛状根遗传转化率达90.24%~94.59%。在应用验证方面,本研究取得两项重要突破:首先,利用该体系快速鉴定了耐盐基因MsRCI2D的功能,获得的转基因苜蓿嵌合体在200 mmol·L-1 NaCl胁迫下抗氧化酶活性显著提高、活性氧的积累显著下降、离子稳态调节能力增强;其次,结合可视化报告基因RUBY,建立了苜蓿基因编辑gRNA快速筛选技术,编辑效率达到23.07%。本研究建立的体系大幅缩短了转基因苜蓿嵌合体的获得周期,提高了转化效率。该技术不仅为紫花苜蓿基因功能研究提供了高效平台,同时为牧草分子设计育种提供了可靠的技术支撑,对其他饲草的遗传改良也具有重要参考价值。
There are substantial challenges in the genetic improvement of alfalfa (Medicago sativa), a globally important forage crop, because of the limitations of conventional transformation methods. These methods are time-consuming, genotype-dependent, and reliant on labor-intensive tissue culture processes. To address these issues, we developed a rapid, tissue culture-free transformation system for alfalfa. This system was developed and optimized using the alfalfa cultivar Longmu 806. The system employs Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated infection combined with a simple stem-pricking infiltration method. This innovative approach eliminates the need for callus induction and somatic embryogenesis, enabling the generation of transgenic chimeric alfalfa within just 14 days-a dramatic reduction compared with the 3-6 months typically required with traditional protocols. We used this system in two applications: 1) Rapid functional analysis of the MsRCI2D gene, which conferred enhanced salt tolerance in transgenic chimeric plants, as evidenced by increased antioxidant enzyme activities, decreased reactive oxygen species accumulation, and improved ion homeostasis under 200 mmol·L-1 NaCl stress; and 2) Establishment of an efficient guide RNA screening platform using the RUBY reporter system, which achieved a 23.07% editing efficiency in transformed roots, providing a robust and visual tool for optimizing CRISPR gRNAs. This breakthrough transformation strategy addresses major bottlenecks in alfalfa genetic engineering-namely genotype dependence and prolonged timelines—and offers a powerful platform for high-throughput gene function studies, abiotic stress tolerance improvement, and precision genome editing. By integrating simplicity, speed, and high efficiency, our system holds transformative potential for both fundamental research and molecular breeding in alfalfa and other recalcitrant forage crops.
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农业生物育种国家科技重大专项(2022ZD040120401)
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