谷子SiCCoAOMT基因家族的鉴定及表达分析
Identification and expression analysis of the SiCCoAOMT gene family in Setaria italica
CCoAOMT蛋白家族属于S-腺苷-L-甲硫氨酸(SAM)依赖性甲基转移酶,在植物木质素合成和生长发育中具有关键作用,但在谷子中的功能尚未被系统研究。本研究以谷子基因组数据为基础,鉴定SiCCoAOMT家族成员,并进行生物信息学分析及非生物胁迫响应验证。结果表明:在谷子SiCCoAOMT基因家族中鉴定出5个SiCCoAOMT基因:Si2g25370、Si4g06670、Si6g06400、Si6g19790和Si6g19800,定位于第2、4和6号染色体,编码蛋白的理化性质差异明显。通过系统发育分析,将谷子SiCCoAOMT基因与拟南芥、水稻和狗尾草的同源基因划分为两个亚族,且同一亚族内的成员保守序列和基因结构高度相似。CCoAOMT基因家族成员均包含相同的蛋白保守结构域(motif 1、motif 2、motif 4、motif 5和motif 6),同一亚族的成员具有相似的motif。顺式作用元件预测中,SiCCoAOMT2和SiCCoAOMT4中含有大量关于光响应(Sp1)、植物激素(ABRE、CGTCA-motif和TGACG-motif)和非生物胁迫(ARE)的作用元件。谷子与水稻、狗尾草共线性基因对分析发现,谷子和狗尾草CCoAOMT受到中性选择的同时,还存在纯化选择;谷子与水稻CCoAOMT之间存在正选择效应。加权基因共表达网络分析(WGCNA)发现,SiCCoAOMT2和SiCCoAOMT4被划分在yellowgreen模块中。对‘晋谷21’幼苗进行干旱和低温胁迫处理,利用qRT-PCR对SiCCoAOMT家族基因进行表达模式分析发现,SiCCoAOMT2和SiCCoAOMT4表达量明显上调。基于360份谷子和38份狗尾草种质资源的单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)和插入/缺失变异(InDels)基因型信息分析发现,SiCCoAOMT5有利于谷子籽粒的生长发育,对谷子的产量提高和抵抗胁迫有一定的作用。综上所述,本研究对谷子SiCCoAOMT基因家族进行了系统地分析,鉴定出SiCCoAOMT2和SiCCoAOMT4是谷子响应干旱及寒冷胁迫的关键基因,为谷子抗逆境胁迫和生长调控机制的深入研究提供了一定的依据。
The caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT) protein family belongs to the S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM)-dependent methyltransferase superfamily. Members of the CCoAOMT family are known to play key roles in plant lignin synthesis, as well as in growth and development. However, their function in Setaria italica has not been systematically studied. In this study, members of the SiCCoAOMT gene family were identified from S. italica genomic data, and bioinformatics analysis was conducted. In addition, the expression patterns of these genes under abiotic stress were determined. Five SiCCoAOMT genes in the SiCCoAOMT gene family were identified in the S. italica genome, and were located on chromosomes 2, 4, and 6. The physical and chemical properties differed among the five encoded putative proteins. In a phylogenetic analysis, the SiCCoAOMT genes of S. italica were divided into two subfamilies with homologous genes from Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, and Setaria viridis. Members of the same subfamily shared high similarity in terms of conserved sequences and gene structures. All members of the CCoAOMT gene family contained the same conserved protein structure domains (motif 1, motif 2, motif 4, motif 5, and motif 6), and members of the same subfamily had similar motifs. Prediction of cis-acting elements showed that SiCCoAOMT2 and SiCCoAOMT4 contained many elements responsive to light (Sp1), plant hormones (ABRE, CGTCA-motif, and TGACG-motif) and abiotic stresses (ARE). Collinearity analysis among S. italica, O. sativa, and S. viridis revealed that the CCoAOMT orthologs in S. italica and S. viridis have been subject to neutral selection and purifying selection, and the CCoAOMT orthologs in S. italica and O. sativa have been subject to positive selection. In a weighted gene co-expression network analysis, SiCCoAOMT2 and SiCCoAOMT4 were grouped in the yellowgreen module. To further verify the roles of SiCCoAOMT genes in stress responses, seedlings of the cultivar ‘Jingu 21’ were subjected to drought and low-temperature stresses, and the SiCCoAOMT transcript levels were analyzed by qRT-PCR. The results showed that the transcript levels of SiCCoAOMT2 and SiCCoAOMT4 were significantly up-regulated under both stress conditions. Based on single nucleotide polymorphism and insertion/deletion genotype information for 360 S. italica and 38 S.viridis germplasm resources, haplotype analysis showed that SiCCoAOMT5 was beneficial for the growth and development of S. italica grains, and contributed to the yield and stress resistance of S. italica. Overall, this study systematically characterized the SiCCoAOMT gene family in S. italica, identifying SiCCoAOMT2 and SiCCoAOMT4 as key genes involved in drought and cold stress responses. These findings provide a foundation for further exploration of the stress resistance and growth regulation mechanisms of S. italica.
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国家自然科学基金联合基金项目(U21A20216)
山西省研究生教育创新计划科研创新项目(2024KY699)
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