不同龄级瑞香狼毒根系周围微生物群落结构的空间差异研究
王贝贝 , 杨畅 , 朱文琰 , 徐世晓 , 孙平
草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (03) : 128 -157.
不同龄级瑞香狼毒根系周围微生物群落结构的空间差异研究
Spatial differences in microbial communities around the root system of Stellera chamaejasme plants of different ages
瑞香狼毒是青藏高原草地生态系统中具有双重特性的关键物种。为了探究不同龄级瑞香狼毒对根际及其周围土壤微生物的多样性及群落结构的影响,本研究于2024年8月在青海省海南藏族自治州高寒草甸进行野外采样。选择Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ这3个龄级瑞香狼毒,在水平距离0(根际)、30(近根区)、50 cm(远根区)和垂直深度10和20 cm处采集土壤样品,每处理3个生物学重复,共54份样品。采用宏基因组测序技术分别对16S rRNA和ITS区域进行细菌和真菌群落分析。结果表明:随着瑞香狼毒龄级提高,根际及周围土壤的细菌和真菌物种数量及潜在物种丰富度显著增加(P<0.05);采样位点和植物龄级极显著影响土壤微生物群落结构(P<0.001),其中细菌群落对空间变化的响应尤为显著。水平维度上,10 cm深度时Ⅲ龄级根际细菌多样性显著高于近根区和远根区(P<0.05);真菌多样性受采样距离影响不显著。垂直维度上,20 cm时根际细菌α多样性指数极显著低于10 cm深度(P<0.01),但在近根区和远根区,不同深度的细菌和真菌多样性差异不明显。此外,各空间差异下优势菌门稳定,优势细菌门类包括变形菌门、绿弯菌门、酸杆菌门等,优势真菌门为子囊菌门、担子菌门等,但优势菌属的相对丰度存在明显差异。由此可见,瑞香狼毒对土壤中细菌丰度和多样性的影响根据其龄级、土壤深度、水平距离而表现不同,瑞香狼毒对土壤中真菌多样性无显著影响。在根际区域,土壤深度对细菌多样性具有显著影响,表明瑞香狼毒与土壤环境因子共同调控微生物群落结构。研究通过整合瑞香狼毒根际及周围土壤微生物多样性数据,首次构建了瑞香狼毒与土壤微生物互作的三维空间模型,为解析毒害植物-微生物协同进化机制提供了新的理论框架。
Stellera chamaejasme is a keystone species with dual ecological characteristics in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau grassland ecosystem. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the age of S. chamaejasme on the diversity and community structure of microorganisms in its rhizosphere and surrounding soil. Field sampling was conducted in alpine meadows in Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province, in August 2024. Three age classes (III, IV, and V) of S. chamaejasme were selected, with soil samples collected at horizontal distances of 0 cm (rhizosphere), 30 cm (near-root zone), and 50 cm (far-root zone), and at vertical depths of 10 and 20 cm. Each treatment included three biological replicates, totaling 54 samples. Metagenomic sequencing targeting 16S rRNA and ITS regions was conducted to analyze bacterial and fungal communities, respectively. The results show that the bacterial and fungal species richness and potential diversity in rhizosphere and surrounding soils significantly increased as the age of S. chamaejasme increased (P<0.05). Both sampling location and plant age class significantly influenced soil microbial community structures (P<0.001), with bacterial communities exhibiting particularly pronounced responses to spatial variations. Within the horizontal plane at 10 cm depth, bacterial diversity in the soil of age class III S. chamaejasme was significantly higher in the rhizosphere than in the near-root and far-root zones (P<0.05), while fungal diversity was unaffected by sampling distance. On the vertical plane, bacterial α-diversity indices in the rhizosphere were significantly lower at 20 cm depth than at 10 cm depth (P<0.01), whereas in near-root and far-root zones, neither bacterial diversity nor fungal diversity showed marked differences between depths. The dominant phyla remained stable across spatial gradients, with Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Acidobacteria as the predominant bacterial phyla, and Ascomycota and Basidiomycota as the dominant fungal phyla, although the relative abundance of dominant genera varied considerably among sampling positions. Consequently, the effects of S. chamaejasme on soil bacterial abundance and diversity varied according to the age class of the plant, soil depth, and horizontal distance, whereas fungal diversity remained largely unaffected by these factors. In the rhizosphere zone, soil depth significantly influenced bacterial diversity, indicating that S. chamaejasme and soil environmental factors jointly regulate microbial community structure. By integrating data on the microbial diversity in the rhizosphere and surrounding soil, this study pioneers the construction of a three-dimensional spatial model of S. chamaejasme-soil microorganism interactions. This provides a novel theoretical framework for elucidating co-evolutionary mechanisms between poisonous plants and soil microorganisms.
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省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室开放研究项目(2022-KF-10)
青海省重点研发与转化计划项目(219-NK-173)
青海省帅才科学家项目(2024-SF-102)
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