壳聚糖浸种对盐碱胁迫下紫花苜蓿种子萌发的影响
童玉花 , 王晓彤 , 马永龙 , 杨金辉 , 余冬雯 , 李淑霞
草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (03) : 245 -256.
壳聚糖浸种对盐碱胁迫下紫花苜蓿种子萌发的影响
Effects of a chitosan seed soaking treatment on seed germination and growth of alfalfa under saline alkali stress
为探究外源壳聚糖(CS)对盐碱胁迫下紫花苜蓿种子萌发的影响,以15份紫花苜蓿种质材料为研究对象,设定0、50、75和100 mmol·L-1盐碱胁迫浓度梯度,探究不同浓度盐碱胁迫对紫花苜蓿种子萌发期耐盐碱性的影响,从而筛选出最适盐碱胁迫浓度以及不同耐盐碱性的种质材料。最终确定75 mmol·L-1为后续试验的最佳胁迫浓度,并筛选出耐盐碱、中等耐盐碱和盐碱敏感的3份紫花苜蓿种质材料用于正式试验。在正式试验中,以蒸馏水作为对照(CK),将上述3份种质材料的紫花苜蓿种子分别用0、25、75、125、175、200 mg·L-1这6个浓度梯度的壳聚糖溶液浸种12 h,随后置于75 mmol·L-1盐碱胁迫环境下进行种子萌发试验。结果表明,经外源壳聚糖浸种处理后,3份紫花苜蓿种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、根长、苗长和鲜重等萌发指标,相较于单独盐碱胁迫处理均呈上升趋势。并且,随着壳聚糖浓度的增加,各萌发指标呈先升高后下降的变化规律,其中壳聚糖浓度为75 mg·L-1时效果最优。此外,不同浓度的壳聚糖浸种处理对3份紫花苜蓿种子的各萌发指标影响均有所不同,表明壳聚糖在一定浓度范围内具有明显的浓度效应。综上所述,外源壳聚糖浸种处理能够有效缓解盐碱胁迫对紫花苜蓿种子萌发的抑制作用,显著改善种子的萌发状况。本研究为改善紫花苜蓿在盐碱地的适应性及种植成功率提供了有效路径。
The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of chitosan as a seed treatment for alfalfa (Medicago sativa) to improve seed germination and seedling growth in saline alkali conditions. Seeds of 15 alfalfa varieties were soaked in chitosan solution and their germination and growth under saline alkali conditions were monitored. First, the seeds of the 15 varieties were subjected to saline alkali stress (0, 50, 75 and 100 mmol·L-1, NaCl∶Na2SO4=9∶4, pH=8.3) to determine their tolerance at the germination stage. This revealed the optimal stress concentration for further experiments, and identified the cultivars showing saline alkali tolerance at the germination stage. The 75 mmol·L-1 treatment was identified as the optimal stress concentration, and three alfalfa germplasm lines with tolerant, moderately tolerant, and sensitive genotypes were selected for further experiments. Seeds of the sensitive, moderately tolerant, and tolerant genotypes were soaked in solutions containing chitosan at a range of concentrations (0, 25, 75, 125, 175, and 200 mg·L-1) for 12 hours and then exposed to 75 mmol·L-1 saline alkali stress during the seed germination stage, or distilled water as the control (CK). The results show that, for all three alfalfa materials, the seed germination indexes such as germination energy, germination percentage, germination index, vitality index, and seeding indexes such as root length, seedling length and fresh weight were higher after the chitosan-soaking treatment than after treatment with saline alkali stress alone. Across the chitosan concentration range tested, as concentration increased, each germination index first increased and then decreased. The optimal effect was achieved when seeds were soaked in chitosan at a concentration of 75 mg·L-1. Additionally, soaking the seeds in different concentrations of chitosan had different effects on the germination indexes of the three germplasm lines, with a significant concentration dependent effect within a certain range. In conclusion, a chitosan seed soaking treatment can effectively alleviate the inhibitory effect of saline alkali stress on the germination of alfalfa seeds and significantly improve seedling growth. The results of this study provide an effective methodology for improving the adaptability of alfalfa and enhancing its establishment in saline alkali land.
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国家自然科学基金(U24A20426)
宁夏重点研发项目(2023BSB03065)
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