兰州滨河公园自生植物物种多样性与功能多样性对城市化的响应
王慧腾 , 刘文兰 , 唐红 , 刘晓娟 , 韩蓉 , 宋捷
草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (03) : 96 -113.
兰州滨河公园自生植物物种多样性与功能多样性对城市化的响应
Responses of species and functional diversity of spontaneous vegetation to urbanization in Lanzhou riverside parks
自生植物是研究城市化与城市生态系统互馈机制的重要对象,研究自生植物物种多样性和功能多样性之间的关系及其对城市化的响应,有利于揭示其物种分布格局与生态系统功能的维持机制。本研究以兰州滨河公园自生植物群落为对象,通过分析自生植物物种组成与功能特征、不同城市化水平与不同生境类型下自生植物群落物种多样性和功能多样性的差异性,探究物种多样性与功能多样性之间的关系对城市化的响应,阐明自生植物的分布格局及其对城市化的响应机制。结果显示:兰州市滨河公园有142种自生植物,隶属于42科116属,以草本植物为主。生活型上,多年生草本植物(38%)和一年生草本植物(30%)占优势。植物区系上乡土植物占比54.2%,入侵植物(14.1%)的扩散较明显。总体上,草质叶片(61.87%)和纸质叶片(26.06%)、小型叶(24.65%)和中等叶(59.15%)、虫媒(73.24%)、风力传播(59.15%)在各自功能性状中的占比较大。城市化对公园绿地自生植物产生了显著的影响,高干扰环境下一年生植物扩张明显,生境破碎化促进短生命周期、高扩散力物种的入侵。自生植物的物种多样性、功能多样性在不同城市化水平和不同生境类型中均多数存在显著性差异(P<0.05),灌丛与硬质生境,林地与灌丛功能丰富度(FRic)存在显著性差异(P<0.05);林地与灌丛Patrick指数存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。在不同城市化水平上,中等城市化水平下自生植物Patrick指数最高,功能丰富度(FRic)最低,环境过滤效应导致功能性状趋同。高城市化水平则引起群落均质化。Patrick指数与功能丰富度、Rao二次熵(RaoQ)呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05),符合生态位互补理论。物种多样性与功能多样性之间在不同城市化水平多数存在极显著正相关关系(P<0.01),Shannon-Wiener指数与RaoQ在高城市化水平线性关系拟合效果最好。揭示了兰州滨河公园自生植物对城市化的响应机制,为城市滨河绿地生态保护与可持续发展提供科学依据。
Sites with spontaneous vegetation are important for studying the mutual feedback mechanisms between urbanization and urban ecosystems. The study of the relationship between species diversity and functional diversity of spontaneous vegetation and their response to urbanization can be predictive of the distribution patterns of species and can aid elucidation of mechanisms of ecosystem function. In this study, the spontaneous vegetation community in Lanzhou riverside parks was chosen for study, and the distribution patterns of species were recorded to clarify vegetation response mechanisms to urbanization. This was achieved by analyzing spontaneous vegetation species composition and functional characteristics, and the differences between species diversity and functional diversity of the spontaneous vegetation community under different urbanization levels and for different habitat types, and by probing the relationship between species diversity and functional diversity and their responses to urbanization. It was found that there were 142 spontaneously occurring plant species among the vegetation in the Lanzhou riverside parks, belonging to 42 families and 116 genera, and dominated by herbaceous plants. On life-history type, perennial herbaceous plants (38%) and annual herbaceous plants (30%) were dominant. The flora was 54.2% native, with a noticeable spread of invasive plants (14.1%). Overall, species with herbaceous foliage (61.87%) and papery foliage (26.06%), species with small- (24.65%) and medium-sized leaves (59.15%), insect vectors (73.24%), and wind dispersal (59.15%) had the greatest contribution to functional traits. Urbanization had a significant impact on spontaneous vegetation in park green spaces, with significant expansion of annuals in high disturbance environments and habitat fragmentation promoting invasion of short-life-cycle, high dispersal species. Spontaneous vegetation’s species and functional diversity differed significantly (P<0.05) among urbanization levels and habitat types. Functional richness (FRic), differed significantly (P<0.05) between scrub and hard-substrate habitat, and between woodland and scrub; and Patrick index, between woodlands and scrub (P<0.05). Across different urbanization levels, spontaneous vegetation had the highest Patrick index and the lowest FRic at medium urbanization level, and the prevailing abiotic conditions filtered species possessing traits that can adapt to the local environment, thereby causing the functional traits of community members to converge. High urbanization level caused community homogenization. Patrick index showed a significant positive correlation (P<0.05) with functional richness and Rao’s quadratic entropy value (RaoQ), which is in line with theory of ecological niche complementarity. There was a highly significant positive correlation (P<0.01) between species diversity and functional diversity in most of the different urbanization levels, and a linear relationship between Shannon-Wiener index and RaoQ was more evident at high urbanization levels. This study reveals the response patterns of spontaneous vegetation to urbanization in Lanzhou riverside parks, and provides scientific data for managing the ecological protection and sustainable development of urban riverside green space.
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2024年甘肃省高校教师创新基金项目(2024B-081)
甘肃农业大学科技创新基金—学科建设专项基金(GAU-XKJS-2018-114)
国家自然科学基金项目(32160409)
甘肃林业和草原局林草科技创新与合作项目(kjcx2021004)
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