新疆盐碱化土壤下不同羊草的耐盐碱性差异研究
刘朝荣 , 陈永成 , 陈莹 , 张旭东 , 胡天宇 , 苏力合 , 张凡凡 , 王旭哲 , 姚琨 , 马春晖
草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (04) : 29 -41.
新疆盐碱化土壤下不同羊草的耐盐碱性差异研究
Differences in saline-alkali tolerance of five Leymus chinensis cultivars grown in saline-alkali soil from Xinjiang
为探究不同羊草品种(品系)对新疆北疆地区盐碱土的适应性,采用盆栽试验,以灰色羊草(HS)、中科一号羊草(ZK)、黄岗梁羊草(HGL)、赤峰羊草(CF)、东北羊草(DB)为对象,设置农田土(CK)、轻度(S1)、中度(S2)、重度(S3)、极重度(S4)5个盐碱胁迫强度,对盐碱胁迫下羊草生长、光合、生理特性和营养品质等进行观测和分析,利用聚类分析和模糊隶属函数法综合评价5份羊草的耐盐碱性。结果表明,轻度盐碱胁迫对羊草生长特性、光合速率和营养品质具有一定的促进作用。随着胁迫强度的增加,羊草农艺性状(株高、分蘖数、叶片数、茎粗、地上和地下部分干重)、光合特性(净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度)和光合色素(叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素a+b、类胡萝卜素)下降,羊草叶片相对电导率、丙二醛、渗透调节物质(脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖)含量增加,抗氧化酶(过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶)活性升高,营养品质降低,且同一指标在羊草间存在品种差异(P<0.05)。基于聚类分析和耐盐碱性综合评价D值,羊草耐盐碱性排序为HS>HGL>ZK>CF>DB,灰色羊草和黄岗梁羊草综合表现较好,具有在新疆地区盐碱地进一步推广种植的价值。本研究结果可为区域化羊草品种筛选、后期羊草推广种植和盐碱地改良利用提供理论基础。
We investigated the adaptability of different Leymus chinensis varieties (lines) to saline-alkali soil, a widely distributed soil type in northern Xinjiang, China. A pot experiment was conducted using five L. chinensis materials: Huise (HS), Zhongke No.1 (ZK), Huanggangliang (HGL), Chifeng (CF), and Dongbei (DB). Five saline-alkaline stress levels were applied: farmland soil (CK), and slight (S1), moderate (S2), severe (S3), and extreme (S4) saline-alkaline stress. The growth, photosynthetic characteristics, physiological traits, and nutritional quality of the five L. chinensis varieties under saline-alkali stress were determined. The saline-alkali tolerance of the five L. chinensis materials was comprehensively evaluated by a cluster analysis and the membership function method. The results show that slight saline-alkali stress had a promoting effect on the growth traits, photosynthetic rate, and nutritional quality of L. chinensis. With increasing severity of saline-alkali stress, significant declines were observed in agronomic traits (plant height, tiller number, leaf number, stem diameter, aboveground and underground dry weight), photosynthetic characteristics (net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO₂ concentration), and the contents of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll a+b, carotenoids). Concurrently, leaf relative electrical conductivity and malondialdehyde content increased with increasing severity of saline-alkali stress. As the saline-alkali stress became more severe, the contents of osmotic adjustment substances (proline, soluble protein, soluble sugars) increased, as did the activities of antioxidant enzyme activities (peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase), whereas nutritional quality parameters decreased. We detected significant differences in each measured index among the L. chinensis materials (P<0.05). On the basis of the cluster analysis and comprehensive evaluation (D-values), the varieties were ranked from most to least saline-alkali tolerant as follows: HS>HGL>ZK>CF>DB. The varieties HS and HGL exhibited superior overall performance, demonstrating potential for large-scale cultivation across Xinjiang’s saline-alkali areas. The results of this study provide a theoretical foundation for region-specific variety screening and support the cultivation of L. chinensis and remediation of saline-alkali soils in the future.
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财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS)和高产优质牧草羊草品种筛选及高效生产关键技术集成与示范项目(2023AB069)
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